{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T19:24:34Z","timestamp":1780773874623,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018-Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018-Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Major standard organizations have addressed the issue of reporting uncertainties in dose rate estimations. There are, however, challenges in estimating uncertainties when the radiation environment is considered, especially in real-time dosimetry. This study reports on the implementation of Gaussian process regression based on a spectrum-to-dose conversion operator (i.e., G(E) function), the aim of which is to deal with uncertainty in dose rate estimation based on various irradiation geometries. Results show that the proposed approach provides the dose rate estimation as a probability distribution in a single measurement, thereby increasing its real-time applications. In particular, under various irradiation geometries, the mean values of the dose rate were closer to the true values than the point estimates calculated by a G(E) function obtained from the anterior\u2013posterior irradiation geometry that is intended to provide conservative estimates. In most cases, the 95% confidence intervals of uncertainties included those conservative estimates and the true values over the range of 50\u20133000 keV. The proposed method, therefore, not only conforms to the concept of operational quantities (i.e., conservative estimates) but also provides more reliable results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20102884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T02:48:24Z","timestamp":1589942904000},"page":"2884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Uncertainty Estimation of the Dose Rate in Real-Time Applications Using Gaussian Process Regression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3423-6965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Taek","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeongjin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation Strategy and Technology, Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation and Control, 1534 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyuseong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ICRP (1977). 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