{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:41:42Z","timestamp":1773668502167,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\u201307\u201300304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\u201307\u201300304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20\u201307\u201300602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20\u201307\u201300602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A biological sensor for detection and identification of bacterial cells, including a resonator with a lateral electric field based on PZT ceramics was experimentally investigated. For bacterial immunodetection the frequency dependencies of the electric impedance of the sensor with a suspension of microbial cells were measured before and after adding the specific antibodies. It was found that the addition of specific antibodies to a suspension of microbial cells led to a significant change in these frequency dependencies due to the increase in the conductivity of suspension. The analysis of microbial cells was carried out in aqueous solutions with a conductivity of 4.5\u20131000 \u03bcS\/cm, as well as in the tap and drinking water. The detection limit of microbial cells was found to be 103 cells\/mL and the analysis time did not exceed 4 min. Experiments with non-specific antibodies were also carried out and it was shown that their addition to the cell suspension did not lead to a change in the analytical signal of the sensor. This confirms the ability to not only detect, but also identify bacterial cells in suspensions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20103003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T03:29:10Z","timestamp":1590463750000},"page":"3003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sensor Based on PZT Ceramic Resonator with Lateral Electric Field for Immunodetectionof Bacteria in the Conducting Aquatic Environment \u2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Irina","family":"Borodina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, 410019 Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1859-0673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Zaitsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, 410019 Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1743-170X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Teplykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Saratov Branch, 410019 Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gennady","family":"Burygin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 410049 Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Guliy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 410049 Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Biosensors for bacterial detection","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.07.019","article-title":"Biosensors for wastewater monitoring: A review","volume":"118","author":"Ejeiana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2016.11.026","article-title":"Cell culture-based biosensing techniques for detecting toxicity in water","volume":"45","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Raich, J. (2013). Review of Sensors to Monitor Water Quality, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1039\/c1lc20054b","article-title":"Hybrid electrokinetic manipulation in high-conductivity media","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7421","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b02117","article-title":"Analysis of DNA in Phosphate Buffered Saline Using Kinetic Capillary Electrophoresis","volume":"88","author":"Kanoatov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-4247(94)00801-9","article-title":"Acoustic wave biosensors","volume":"44","author":"Andle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9148","DOI":"10.1021\/la801252t","article-title":"Surface acoustic wave biosensor as a tool to study the interactions of antimicrobial peptides with phospholipid and lipopolysaccharide model membranes","volume":"24","author":"Gronewold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Don, E., Farafonova, O., Pokhil, S., Barykina, D., Nikiforova, M., Shulga, D., Borshcheva, A., Tarasov, S., Ermolaeva, T., and Epstein, O. (2016). Use of piezoelectric immunosensors for detection of interferon\u2013gamma interaction with specific antibodies in the presence of released\u2013active forms of antibodies to interferon\u2013gamma. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16010096"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wark, M., Kalanyan, B., and Ellis, L. (2007, January 28\u201331). A Lateral Field Excited Acoustic Wave Sensor for the Detection of Saxitoxin in Water. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2007.306"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Recognition of Salmonella typhimurium by immobilized phage P22 monolayers","volume":"602","author":"Handa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Syrf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Vetelino, J.F. (2010, January 11\u201314). A lateral field excited acoustic wave sensor platform. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2012.2281","article-title":"Biological sensor based on the lateral electric field excited resonator","volume":"59","author":"Zaitsev","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026261713020057","article-title":"Investigation of specific interactions between microbial cells and polyclonal antibodies using a resonator with lateral electric field","volume":"82","author":"Guliy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1134\/S000635091704008X","article-title":"A method of acoustic analysis for detection of bacteriophage-infected microbial cells","volume":"62","author":"Guliy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2009.1100","article-title":"A lateral-field-excited LiTaO3 high frequency bulk acoustic wave sensor","volume":"56","author":"McCann","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2015.07.009","article-title":"Liquid sensor based on a piezoelectric lateral electric field-excited resonator","volume":"63","author":"Zaitsev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2015.01.004","article-title":"Resonances and energy trapping in AT-cut quartz resonators operating with fast shear modes driven by lateral electric fields produced by surface electrodes","volume":"50","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teplykh, A., Zaitsev, B., and Kuznetsova, I. (2015, January 21\u201324). Lateral electric field excited resonator based on PZT ceramics. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.2015.0352"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Ibrahim, S., Ramadan, R., and Mohamed, A. (2011). Piezoelectric Ceramic Materials, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH & Company KG."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"677","article-title":"Immunochemical analysis of O-specific polysaccharides from the soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillumbrasilense","volume":"67","author":"Matora","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Weir, D.M. (1978). Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Handbook of Experimental Immunology, Blackwell Scientific."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9622-5","article-title":"Use of ELISA with antiexopolysaccharide antibodies to evaluate wheat-root colonization by the rhizobacterium Paenibacilluspolymyxa","volume":"61","author":"Yegorenkova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2007.07.013","article-title":"Electrophysical characteristics of Azospirillumbrasilense Sp245 during interaction with antibodies to various cell surface epitopes","volume":"370","author":"Guliy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2019.106059","article-title":"Influence of the conductivity of a liquid contacting with a lateral electric field excited resonator based on PZT ceramics on its characteristics","volume":"102","author":"Borodina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2003.12.005","article-title":"A method for studying insoluble immune complexes","volume":"1670","author":"Khlebtsov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/10\/3003\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:32:27Z","timestamp":1760175147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/10\/3003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s20103003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20103003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]]}}}