{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:27:18Z","timestamp":1777652838079,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper analyzes the feasibility of the coexistence of telemetry and alarm messages employing Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology in industrial environments. The regular telemetry messages come from periodic measurements from the majority of sensors while the alarm messages come from sensors whose transmissions are triggered by rarer (random) events that require highly reliable communication. To reach such a strict requirement, we propose here strategies of allocation of spreading factor, by treating alarm and regular (telemetry) messages differently. The potential of such allocation strategies has also been investigated under retransmission and diversity of gateways. Both indoor industrial plant and open-field scenarios are investigated. We compare the proposed solution with a benchmark scenario\u2014where no alarm is considered\u2014by using system level simulation. Our results show that it is possible to achieve high reliability with reasonably low delay for the alarm messages without significantly affecting the performance of the regular links.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T12:36:58Z","timestamp":1590669418000},"page":"3061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Performance of LoRaWAN for Handling Telemetry and Alarm Messages in Industrial Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9863-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Helder C. dos","family":"Santos Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Quixad\u00e1 63902-580, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0614-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pl\u00ednio S.","family":"Dester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-6207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvis M. G.","family":"Stancanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Quixad\u00e1 63902-580, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7761-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Cardieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7398-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro H. J.","family":"Nardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7290-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dick","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirley","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Factories of the future: Challenges and leading innovations in intelligent manufacturing","volume":"30","author":"Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. 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