{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T09:15:40Z","timestamp":1775121340336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a method for designing a 77 GHz series-fed patch array antenna. Based on the traditional genetic algorithm, the study explores different array topologies consisting of the same microstrip patches to optimize the design. The main optimization goal is to reduce the maximum sidelobe level (SLL). A 77 GHz series-fed patch array antenna for automotive radar was simulated, fabricated, and measured by employing this method. The antenna length was limited to no longer than 3 cm, and the array only had a single compact series with the radiation patch about 1.54 mm wide. In the genetic algorithm used for optimization, the maximum sidelobe level was set equal to or less than \u221214 dB. The measurement results show that the gain of the proposed antenna was about 15.6 dBi, E-plane half-power beamwidth was about \u00b13.8\u00b0, maximum sidelobe level was about \u221214.8 dB, and H-plane half-power beamwidth was about \u00b130\u00b0 at 77 GHz. The electromagnetic simulation and the measurement results show that the 77 GHz antenna designed with the proposed method has a better sidelobe suppression by over 4 dB than the traditional one of the same length in this paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:44:02Z","timestamp":1590713042000},"page":"3066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Design and Optimization for 77 GHz Series-Fed Patch Array Antenna Based on Genetic Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Shuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Zhanqi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Anmou","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-019-01224-8","article-title":"Physical Layer Security Performance of Mobile Vehicular Networks","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mob. 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