{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:52:17Z","timestamp":1760237537207,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Robotics Programme, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research","award":["RGAST1907,RGAST1910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGAST1907,RGAST1910"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work is inspired by motion control of cleaning robots, operating in certain endogenous environments, and performing various tasks like door cleaning, wall sanitizing, etc. The base platform\u2019s motion for these robots is generally similar to the motion of four-wheel cars. Most of the cleaning and maintenance tasks require detection, path planning, and control. The motion controller\u2019s job is to ensure the robot follows the desired path or a set of points, pre-decided by the path planner. This control loop generally requires some feedback from the on-board sensors, and odometry modules, to compute the necessary velocity inputs for the wheels. As the sensors and odometry modules are prone to environmental noise, dead-reckoning errors, and calibration errors, the control input may not provide satisfactory performance in a closed-loop. This paper develops a robust-observer based sliding mode controller to fulfill the motion control task in the presence of incomplete state measurements and sensor inaccuracies. A robust intrinsic observer design is proposed to estimate the input matrix, which is used for dynamic feedback linearization. The resulting uncertain dynamics are then stabilized through a sliding mode controller. The proposed robust-observer based sliding mode technique assures asymptotic trajectory tracking in the presence of measurement uncertainties. Lyapunov based stability analysis is used to guarantee the convergence of the closed-loop system, and the proposed strategy is successfully validated through numerical simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T09:19:27Z","timestamp":1591089567000},"page":"3077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Path Tracking Strategy for Car Like Robots with Sensor Unpredictability and Measurement Errors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4339-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madan","family":"Mohan Rayguru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ROAR Lab, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6504-1530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohan","family":"Rajesh Elara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ROAR Lab, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3243-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balakrishnan","family":"Ramalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ROAR Lab, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3598-5570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A. Viraj","family":"J. Muthugala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ROAR Lab, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-5006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M. Bhagya","family":"P. Samarakoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ROAR Lab, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Markets and Markets (2020, May 29). Cleaning Robot Market by Product. Available online: http:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/cleaning-robot-market-22726569.html."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"A technical analysis of autonomous floor cleaning robots based on us granted patents","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Int. J. 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[1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1501-4"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/11\/3077\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:33:43Z","timestamp":1760175223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/11\/3077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s20113077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20113077","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]}}}