{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:52:29Z","timestamp":1760237549493,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a novel iteration Bayesian reweighed (IBR) algorithm to obtain accurate estimates of a measurement parameter that uses only a few noisy measurement data. The method is applied to optimize the frequency fluctuation in an optical carrier-based microwave interferometry (OCMI) system. The algorithm iteratively estimates the frequency of the S-parameter valley point by collecting training samples to rebalance the weights between prior samples, which reduces the impact of noise in the system. Simulation shows that the estimated result of this algorithm is closer to the true value than that of the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) using the same amount of measured data. Under the influence of system noise, this algorithm optimizes the frequency fluctuation of the S-parameter and reduces the impact of individual measured data. In this study, we applied the algorithm in the strain sensing experiment and compared it with the MLE. When axial strain changes 240 \u03bc\u03b5, the IBR algorithm yields a deviation of 36 \u03bc\u03b5, which is a significant reduction from 138 \u03bc\u03b5 (using the MLE method). Moreover, the average error rate decreases from 25% to 3% (with the MLE method), suggesting that the linear fitting degree of the estimated results and accuracy of the system are improved. Moreover, the algorithm has a wide range of applicability, for it can handle different application models in the OCMI system and the systems with frequency fluctuation problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T09:19:27Z","timestamp":1591089567000},"page":"3079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Iteration Bayesian Reweighed Algorithm for Optical Carrier-Based Microwave Interferometry Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dian","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sijing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.89","article-title":"Microwave photonics combines two worlds","volume":"1","author":"Capmany","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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