{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:40:53Z","timestamp":1781628053832,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Society and National Natural Science Foundation of China International Exchanges Cost Share","award":["IEC\\NSFC\\170363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IEC\\NSFC\\170363"]}]},{"name":"University of Reading Research Endowment Trust Fund","award":["E3631450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E3631450"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicinal waste due to improper handling of unwanted medicines creates health and environmental risks. However, the re-dispensing of unused prescribed medicines from patients seems to be accepted by stakeholders when quality and safety requirements are met. Reusing dispensed medicines may help reduce waste, but a comprehensive validation method is not generally available. The design of a novel digital time temperature and humidity indicator based on an Internet of Pharmaceutical Things concept is proposed to facilitate the validation, and a prototype is presented using smart sensors with cloud connectivity acting as the key technology for verifying and enabling the reuse of returned medicines. Deficiency of existing technologies is evaluated based on the results of this development, and recommendations for future research are suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T09:19:27Z","timestamp":1591089567000},"page":"3080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Enabling Medicine Reuse Using a Digital Time Temperature Humidity Sensor in an Internet of Pharmaceutical Things Concept"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terence K. L.","family":"Hui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5403-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parastou","family":"Donyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6622-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"McCrindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Simon","family":"Sherratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Trueman, P., Taylor, D., Lowson, K., Bligh, A., Meszaros, A., Wright, D., Glanville, J., Newbould, J., Bury, M., and Barber, N. (2020, April 15). Evaluation of the Scale, Causes and Costs of Waste Medicines, Technical Report, DH Funded National Project. 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