{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:11:04Z","timestamp":1760177464756,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61773021","61903086","61903366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61773021","61903086","61903366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province","award":["2019JJ20018","2019JJ50745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JJ20018","2019JJ50745"]}]},{"name":"Civil Space Pre-research Foundation","award":["D020213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D020213"]}]},{"name":"Pre-research Project of National University of Defense Technology","award":["ZK18-03-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZK18-03-18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a new information provider of autonomous navigation, the on-orbit landmark observation offers a new means to improve the accuracy of autonomous positioning and attitude determination. A novel autonomous navigation method based on the landmark observation and the inertial system is designed to achieve the high-accuracy estimation of the missile platform state. In the proposed method, the navigation scheme is constructed first. The implicit observation equation about the deviation of the inertial system output is derived and the Kalman filter is applied to estimate the missile platform state. Moreover, the physical observability of the landmark and the mathematical observability of the navigation system are analyzed. Finally, advantages of the proposed autonomous navigation method are demonstrated through simulations compared with the traditional celestial-inertial navigation system and the deeply integrated celestial-inertial navigation system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T09:19:27Z","timestamp":1591089567000},"page":"3083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Landmark-Based Inertial Navigation System for Autonomous Navigation of Missile Platform"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Donghui","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiongqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Big Data, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1177\/0954410014539295","article-title":"A back-propagation approach to compensate velocity and position errors in an integrated inertial\/celestial navigation system using unscented Kalman filter","volume":"228","author":"Ghanbarpour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J. Aerosp. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Jing, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Li, J., and Gao, S. (2018). Optimization design method of a new stabilized platform based on missile-borne semi-strap-down inertial navigation system. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124412"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16322","DOI":"10.3390\/s140916322","article-title":"An improved method for dynamic measurement of deflections of the vertical based on the maintenance of attitude reference","volume":"14","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2011.04.003","article-title":"Stellar\/inertial integrated guidance for responsive launch vehicles","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Zhang, C., and Lu, J. (2017). Local observability analysis of star sensor installation errors in a SINS\/CNS integration system for near-earth flight vehicles. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010167"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000536","article-title":"Stellar Refraction-Based SINS\/CNS Integrated Navigation System for Aerospace Vehicles","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aerosp. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2014.06.007","article-title":"An innovative high-precision SINS\/CNS deeply integrated navigation scheme for the Mars rover","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1108\/00022661111119892","article-title":"A SINS\/CNS deeply integrated navigation method based on mathematical horizon reference","volume":"83","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aircr. Eng. Aerosp. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2014.2307972","article-title":"A two-mode INS\/CNS navigation method for lunar rovers","volume":"63","author":"Ning","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1177\/0954410015596010","article-title":"A new tightly-coupled INS\/CNS integrated navigation algorithm with weighted multi-stars observations","volume":"230","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J. Aerosp. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2017.09.013","article-title":"A robust astro-inertial integrated navigation algorithm based on star-coordinate matching","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.21629\/JSEE.2019.04.14","article-title":"A tightly coupled rotational SINS\/CNS integrated navigation method for aircraft","volume":"30","author":"Ning","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Syst. Eng. Electron."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2018.07.015","article-title":"A high-accuracy constrained SINS\/CNS tight integrated navigation for high-orbit automated transfer vehicles","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2015.11.002","article-title":"INS\/VNS\/CNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers","volume":"48","author":"Ning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"65","article-title":"A novel SINS\/CNS integrated navigation algorithm used in a ballistic missile","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Secur. Appl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1109\/70.265922","article-title":"Real-time vision-based robot localization","volume":"9","author":"Atiya","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1109\/70.563647","article-title":"Mobile robot localization using landmarks","volume":"13","author":"Betke","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1109\/7.599326","article-title":"GPS\/machine vision navigation system for aircraft","volume":"33","author":"Chatterji","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2011.943233","article-title":"Visual odometry [tutorial]","volume":"18","author":"Scaramuzza","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"27","article-title":"Where am I? Sensors and methods for mobile robot positioning","volume":"119","author":"Borenstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Univ. Mich."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, A.E., Cheng, Y., Montgomery, J.F., Trawny, N., and Zheng, J.X. (2015). Real-Time Terrain Relative Navigation Test Results from a Relevant Environment for Mars Landing. AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, AIAA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2015-0851"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mcgee, T.G., Rosendall, P.E., and Hill, A. (2015). APLNav: Development Status of an Onboard Passive Optical Terrain Relative Navigation System. AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, AIAA.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2015-0853"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2016.08.021","article-title":"Landmark-based autonomous navigation for pinpoint planetary landing","volume":"58","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1988","article-title":"Autonomous navigation method of flight around Mars based on landmark image","volume":"36","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Control Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., and Hwang, D.-H. (2016). Vision\/INS integrated navigation system for poor vision navigation environments. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16101672"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quan, W., Liu, B., Gong, X., and Fang, J. (2015). INS\/CNS\/GNSS Integrated Navigation Technology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45159-5"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, C., and Stephens, M. (1988). A combined corner and edge detector. Alvey Vision Conference, Alvey Vision Club.","DOI":"10.5244\/C.2.23"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","article-title":"Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints","volume":"60","author":"Lowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.014","article-title":"Speeded-up robust features","volume":"110","author":"Herbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornelis, N., and Gool, L.V. (2008, January 23\u201328). Fast scale invariant feature detection and matching on programmable graphics hardware. Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition Workshops, Anchorage, AK, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2008.4563087"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Huang, X., and Massoud, Y. (2014, January 22\u201325). An efficient real-time FPGA implementation for object detection. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 12th International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS), Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/NEWCAS.2014.6934045"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"781","article-title":"Deduction and simulation of angular error relationship in \u201cSINS\/CNS\u201d integrated navigation system","volume":"32","author":"Deng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2019.02.030","article-title":"Observability analysis and autonomous navigation for two satellites with relative position measurements","volume":"163","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2017.08.002","article-title":"Noise suppression algorithm of short-wave infrared star image for daytime star sensor","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, D., Tan, W., Wu, W., Wang, X., and Qin, S. (2018, January 11\u201312). An Optimal Tightly-coupled Stellar\/inertial Integrated Navigation Method for Daytime Application. Proceedings of the 2018 DGON Inertial Sensors and Systems (ISS), Braunschweig, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/InertialSensors.2018.8577165"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Jiang, K., and Hung, J.C. (1990, January 27\u201330). Local observability matrix and its application to observability analyses. Proceedings of the IECON\u201990: 16th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Pacific Grove, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, B., He, Z., Li, D., Zhou, H., and Wang, J. (2018). Maximum correntropy unscented kalman filter for ballistic missile navigation system based on SINS\/CNS deeply integrated mode. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061724"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/11\/3083\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:33:48Z","timestamp":1760175228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/11\/3083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s20113083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20113083","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]}}}