{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:11:41Z","timestamp":1772838701189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]],"date-time":"2020-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61673365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61673365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Frontier Scientific Research Plan 0-1 Original Innovation Project of the 284 Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["ZDBS-LY-JSC044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDBS-LY-JSC044"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Industrial 285 Innovation Funding Project of JLDRC","award":["2018C038-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018C038-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-performance control of inertial stabilization imaging sensors (ISISs) is always challenging because of the complex nonlinearities induced by friction, mass imbalance, and external disturbances. To overcome this problem, a terminal sliding mode controller (TSMC) based on a novel exponential reaching law (NERL) method with a high-order terminal sliding mode observer (HOTSMO) is suggested. First, the TSMC based on NERL is adopted to improve system performance. The NERL incorporates the power term and switching gain term of the system state variables into the conventional exponential reaching law, and the convergent speed of the TSMC is accelerated. Then, an HOTSMO is designed, which considers the speed and lumped disturbances of the system as the observation object. The estimated disturbance is then provided as a compensation for the controller, which enhances the disturbance rejection ability of the system. Comparative simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best tracking performance and the strongest robustness than PID and the traditional TSMC methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T09:19:27Z","timestamp":1591089567000},"page":"3107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Terminal Sliding Mode Control with a Novel Reaching Law and Sliding Mode Disturbance Observer for Inertial Stabilization Imaging Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6847-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3438-2970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dapeng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Information Engineering School, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0164-947X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Airborne Optical Imaging and Measurement, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2163-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Engineering School, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mao, J., Yang, J., Liu, X., Li, S., and Li, Q. 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