{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:11:43Z","timestamp":1760177503558,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly creating new market possibilities in several industries\u2019 sectors such as smart homes, smart manufacturing, and smart cities, to link the digital and physical worlds. A key challenge in an IoT system is to ensure network performance and cost-efficiency when a plethora of data is generated and proliferated. The adoption of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies within an IoT environment enables a new approach of providing services in a more agile and cost-efficient way. We address the problem of traffic engineering with multiple paths for an NFV enabled IoT system (vIoT), taking into account the fluctuation of traffic volume in various time periods. We first formulate the problem as a mixed linear integer programming model for finding the optimal solution of link-weight configuration and traffic engineering. We then develop heuristic algorithms for a vIoT system with a large number of devices. Our solution enables a controller to adjust a link weight system and update a flow table at an NFV switch for directing IoT traffic through a service function chain in a vIoT system. The evaluation results under both synthetic and real-world datasets of network traffic and topologies show that our approach to traffic engineering with multiple paths remarkably improves several performance metrics for a vIoT system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T03:32:21Z","timestamp":1591327941000},"page":"3198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficient Traffic Engineering in an NFV Enabled IoT System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9070-2943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi-Thuy-Lien","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9994-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuan-Minh","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam"},{"name":"Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study (PIAS), Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Halpern, J., and Pignataro, C. 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