{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T18:27:40Z","timestamp":1785954460998,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Higher education institutions (HEIs) have been permeated by the technological advancement that the Industrial Revolution 4.0 brings with it, and forces institutions to deal with a digital transformation in all dimensions. Applying the approaches of digital transformation to the HEI domain is an emerging field that has aroused interest during the recent past, as they allow us to describe the complex relationships between actors in a technologically supported education domain. The objective of this paper is to summarize the distinctive characteristics of the digital transformation (DT) implementation process that have taken place in HEIs. The Kitchenham protocol was conducted by authors to answer the research questions and selection criteria to retrieve the eligible papers. Nineteen papers (1980\u20132019) were identified in the literature as relevant and consequently analyzed in detail. The main findings show that it is indeed an emerging field, none of the found DT in HEI proposals have been developed in a holistic dimension. This situation calls for further research efforts on how HEIs can understand DT and face the current requirements that the fourth industrial revolution forced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T08:49:11Z","timestamp":1591692551000},"page":"3291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":453,"title":["Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4280-7529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Benavides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier \u00eda Industrial, Facultad de Ingenier \u00eda y Arquitectura, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170003, Colombia"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia de la Informaci\u00f3n y la Documentaci\u00f3n, Bibliotecolog\u00eda y Archiv \u00edstica -CIDBA Virtual, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Bellas Artes, Universidad del Quind\u00edo, Armenia 630004, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6716-0258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnny","family":"Tamayo Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier \u00eda Industrial, Facultad de Ingenier \u00eda y Arquitectura, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170003, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Arango Serna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de la Organizaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn 050034, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0378-028X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Branch Bedoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Computaci\u00f3n y de la Decisi\u00f3n, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn 050034, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0498-1101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Innovation & Technology in Education (UNIR iTED), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Options for formulating a digital transformation strategy","volume":"15","author":"Hess","year":"2016","journal-title":"MIS Quart. 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