{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:44:59Z","timestamp":1770223499329,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSFC China","award":["61771309, 61671301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771309, 61671301"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology Funding","award":["SCST 15DZ2270400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCST 15DZ2270400"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory Funding","award":["STCSM 18DZ1200102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STCSM 18DZ1200102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Through-metal transfer of energy and data using piezoelectric transduce can avoid the potential leakage problem caused by physical penetrations and wired feed-through. The through-metal transfer efficiency of energy or data is determined by the relative pressure on the receiving PZT (piezoelectric transducer). Hence, in this paper, we first propose the Spatial Equivalent Plane Acoustic Pressure (SEPAP), which is defined as the integration of the acoustic pressure over the receiving area, to model the pressure on the receiving PZT. Then we analyze the features of SEPAP and the factors impacting it by utilizing COMSOL. Furthermore, we propose a low-cost and small-size prototype for simultaneous transfer of energy and bidirectional communication through metal by using two pairs of PZTs working on different resonant frequencies. Extensive experiment has been done on evaluating the match between SEPAP transfer efficiency and the power transfer efficiency and analyzing the achievable data rate for bi-directional communication. Test through a 20 mm aluminum alloy plate shows that power transmission with efficiency 20.3% and data communication rate up to 38.4 Kbps can be achieved simultaneously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T05:56:27Z","timestamp":1592200587000},"page":"3304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Modeling and Evaluation of Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT)-Based Through-Metal Energy and Data Transfer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lianghui","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Kehong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Falong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4972","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2010.2103535","article-title":"Investigation of methods for data communication and power delivery through metals","volume":"58","author":"Graham","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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