{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:21:12Z","timestamp":1780572072301,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TIN2016-79484-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2016-79484-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TIN2016-79484-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2016-79484-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU18\/00287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU18\/00287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The population in developed countries is aging and this fact results in high elderly health costs, as well as a decrease in the number of active working members to support these costs. This could lead to a collapse of the current systems. One of the first insights of the decline in elderly people is frailty, which could be decelerated if it is detected at an early stage. Nowadays, health professionals measure frailty manually through questionnaires and tests of strength or gait focused on the physical dimension. Sensors are increasingly used to measure and monitor different e-health indicators while the user is performing Basic Activities of Daily Life (BADL). In this paper, we present a system based on microservices architecture, which collects sensory data while the older adults perform Instrumental ADLs (IADLs) in combination with BADLs. IADLs involve physical dimension, but also cognitive and social dimensions. With the sensory data we built a machine learning model to assess frailty status which outperforms the previous works that only used BADLs. Our model is accurate, ecological, non-intrusive, flexible and can help health professionals to automatically detect frailty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T13:11:32Z","timestamp":1592399492000},"page":"3427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A Microservices e-Health System for Ecological Frailty Assessment Using Wearables"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6366-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco M.","family":"Garcia-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Computer Sciences School, University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2028-4755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bermudez-Edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Computer Sciences School, University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7004-1957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Computer Sciences School, University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1495-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"P\u00e9rez-M\u00e1rmol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3166-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-F\u00f3rtiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Computer Sciences School, University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4321\/S0213-61632015000400001","article-title":"Progression in healthy ageing: Frailty, cognitive decline and gender in the European Innovation Partnership for Active and Healthy Ageing","volume":"29","author":"Carretero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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