{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:56:00Z","timestamp":1760237760593,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Internet of Things (IoT) connects smart devices to enable various intelligent services. The deployment of IoT encounters several challenges, such as difficulties in controlling and managing IoT applications and networks, problems in programming existing IoT devices, long service provisioning time, underused resources, as well as complexity, isolation and scalability, among others. One fundamental concern is that current IoT networks lack flexibility and intelligence. A network-wide flexible control and management are missing in IoT networks. In addition, huge numbers of devices and large amounts of data are involved in IoT, but none of them have been tuned for supporting network management and control. In this paper, we argue that Software-defined Networking (SDN) together with the data generated by IoT applications can enhance the control and management of IoT in terms of flexibility and intelligence. We present a review for the evolution of SDN and IoT and analyze the benefits and challenges brought by the integration of SDN and IoT with the help of IoT data. We discuss the perspectives of knowledge-driven SDN for IoT through a new IoT architecture and illustrate how to realize Industry IoT by using the architecture. We also highlight the challenges and future research works toward realizing IoT with the knowledge-driven SDN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T10:43:58Z","timestamp":1592563438000},"page":"3459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Enhancing the Internet of Things with Knowledge-Driven Software-Defined Networking Technology: Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"},{"name":"Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, 16407 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5945-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Center for Ubiquitous Computing, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron Yi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Engineering Systems and Services, Delft University of Technology, 2628BX Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3932-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 16440 Kista, Sweden"},{"name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, 97187 Lule\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4792-2267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Prehofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DENSO Automotive Germany GmbH, 85386 Eching, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Riekki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Ubiquitous Computing, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-5457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahim","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University, 16407 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasu","family":"Tarkoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2746186","article-title":"Software-Defined Networking for Internet of Things: A Survey","volume":"4","author":"Bera","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2607786","article-title":"SDN and Virtualization Solutions for the Internet of Things: A Survey","volume":"4","author":"Bizanis","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.07.020","article-title":"IoT survey: An SDN and fog computing perspective","volume":"143","author":"Salman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. 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