{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:56:03Z","timestamp":1760237763824,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEC-2017\/25\/B\/ST7\/02236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC-2017\/25\/B\/ST7\/02236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Noise may have a negative impact on humans health and well being. Noise is a direct result of the vibration of structures. Many industrial workers and people using household appliances may be exposed to these harmful factors. To minimize their negative consequences, different approaches to noise and vibration reduction may be applied, e.g., active, semi-active or passive methods. In this research, a semi-active approach to vibration reduction of a cubic rigid casing enclosing a noise- and vibration-generating device is presented. One of the casing walls consists of double thin steel panels, coupled with the use of electromagnetic dampers\u2014solenoids installed in the space between the panels. Other casing walls are built of single plywood panels. Vibrations of the outer (radiating) panel of the wall are measured by Macro-Fiber Composite patches. Spectral analysis of structure vibration is carried out to identify the benefits of the proposed coupling solution in terms of vibration reduction of the wall. The frequency range, where vibration reduction is observed, depends on the number of activated solenoids and the duty cycle of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal. Advantages and drawbacks of the proposed method are discussed and future improvements of the examined setup are suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T09:05:33Z","timestamp":1592903133000},"page":"3505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spectral Analysis of Macro-Fiber Composites Measured Vibration of Double-Panel Structure Coupled with Solenoids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1908-5185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Chraponska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2629-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Rzepecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chukwuemeke William","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9494-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Pawelczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.05.025","article-title":"Will daytime occupational noise exposures induce nighttime sleep disturbance","volume":"50","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113487","article-title":"Relationship between time-varying exposure to occupational noise and incident hypertension: A prospective cohort study","volume":"226","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-1929-7","article-title":"Machine learning based assessment of auditory threshold perception in human beings","volume":"2","author":"Sanjay","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4942391","article-title":"Exposure to wind turbine noise: Perceptual responses and reported health effects","volume":"139","author":"Michaud","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guski, R., Schreckenberg, D., and Schuemer, R. (2017). WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Annoyance. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121539"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2015.10.025","article-title":"Assessment of railway noise in an urban setting","volume":"104","author":"Bunn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.11.071","article-title":"Annoyance evaluation due to overall railway noise and vibration in Pisa urban areas","volume":"568","author":"Licitra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2015.09.006","article-title":"Transportation planning and quiet natural areas preservation: Aircraft overflights noise assessment in a National Park","volume":"41","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fredianelli, L., Nastasi, M., Bernardini, M., Fidecaro, F., and Licitra, G. (2020). Pass-by characterization of noise emitted by different categories of seagoing ships in ports. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12051740"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.192479","article-title":"Disorders induced by direct occupational exposure to noise: Systematic review","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Souissi, H., and Hamaoui, A. (2018). Neuroergonomics. The Brain at Work and in Everyday Life, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addabbo, T., Fort, A., Landi, E., Moretti, R., Mugnaini, M., Parri, L., and Vignoli, V. (2019, January 9\u201312). A wearable Low-cost Measurement System for Estimation of Human Exposure to Vibrations. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 5th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI), Florence, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSI.2019.8895535"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2019.101061","article-title":"A method for calculating uncomfortable rates of people due to vertical floor vibrations using corresponding assessment values based on fuzzy reliability theory","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3813\/AAA.919085","article-title":"Analysis of the Impact of Bus Signal Priority on Urban Noise","volume":"103","author":"Cueto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Acust. United Acust."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.07.031","article-title":"International scale implementation of the CNOSSOS-EU road traffic noise prediction model for epidemiological studies","volume":"206","author":"Morley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.118509","article-title":"Modelling the acoustic performance of newly laid low-noise pavements","volume":"247","author":"Teti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Kuo, S.M., and Morgan, D. (1996). Active Noise Control Systems: Algorithms and DSP Implementations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bianco, F., Fredianelli, L., Lo Castro, F., Gagliardi, P., Fidecaro, F., and Licitra, G. (2020). Stabilization of a p-u Sensor Mounted on a Vehicle for Measuring the Acoustic Impedance of Road Surfaces. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051239"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahy, F.J., and Gardonio, P. (2007). Sound and Structural Vibration: Radiation, Transmission and Response, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.3397\/1.2741307"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, Q., and Pietrzko, S. (2013). Control of Noise and Structural Vibration: A MATLAB\u00ae-Based Approach, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-5091-6"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2016.10.029","article-title":"Embedded Acoustic Black Holes for semi-passive broadband vibration attenuation in thin-walled structures","volume":"388","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Nelson, P.A., and Elliott, S.J. (1992). Active Control of Sound, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misol, M., and Algermissen, S. (2019, January 11\u201312). Remote sensing for a lining integrated active structural acoustic control system. Proceedings of the European Conference on Multifunctional Structures, Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.23967\/emus.2019.002"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"367","article-title":"Experimental Comparisons of Two Detection Methods for Semi-Passive Piezoelectric Structural Damping","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vib. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rzepecki, J., Chraponska, A., Mazur, K., Wrona, S., and Pawelczyk, M. (2019, January 26\u201329). Semi-active reduction of device casing vibration using a set of piezoelectric elements. Proceedings of the 2019 20th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC) Proceedings, Krak\u00f3w-Wieliczka, Poland.","DOI":"10.1109\/CarpathianCC.2019.8765993"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chraponska, A., Wrona, S., Rzepecki, J., Mazur, K., and Pawelczyk, M. (2018, January 11\u201314). Secondary Paths Analysis of an Active Casing Placed at a Wall. Proceedings of the 2018 Joint Conference\u2014Acoustics, Wellington, New Zealand.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACOUSTICS.2018.8502417"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chraponska, A., Wrona, S., Rzepecki, J., Mazur, K., and Pawelczyk, M. (2019). Active structural acoustic control of an active casing placed in a corner. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9061059"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"119","article-title":"Influence of Double-Panel Structure Modification on Vibroacoustical Properties of a Rigid Device Casing","volume":"45","author":"Chraponska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1177\/1461348418811429","article-title":"Feedforward control of double-panel casing for active reduction of device noise","volume":"38","author":"Wrona","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Low Freq. Noise Vib. Act. Control"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4989729","article-title":"A mobility based vibroacoustic energy transmission simulation into an enclosure through a double-wall panel","volume":"141","author":"Sahu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2019.107075","article-title":"Improvement on sound transmission loss through a double-plate structure by using electromagnetic shunt damper","volume":"158","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, X., Chen, K., and Xu, J. (2019). Active Control of Sound Transmission through Orthogonally Rib Stiffened Double- Panel Structure: Mechanism Analysis. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9163286"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"689","article-title":"Double Panel Structure for Active Control of Noise Transmission","volume":"43","author":"Morzynski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isaac, C.W., Pawelczyk, M., and Wrona, S. (2020). Comparative Study of Sound Transmission Losses of Sandwich Composite Double Panel Walls. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10041543"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2018.06.104","article-title":"Effects of external and air gap flows on sound transmission through finite clamped double-panel sandwich structures","volume":"203","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1687814017713946","article-title":"Improvement on sound transmission loss through a double-plate structure by connected with a mass\u2013spring\u2013damper system","volume":"9","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wavemoti.2017.04.007","article-title":"Sound transmission from stiffened double laminated composite plates","volume":"72","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wave Motion"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2018.10.029","article-title":"Sound transmission of periodic composite structure lined with porous core: Rib-stiffened double panel case","volume":"440","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1515\/aoa-2015-0028","article-title":"MFC Sensors and Actuators in Active Vibration Control of the Circular Plate","volume":"40","author":"Leniowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Acoust."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2019.03.040","article-title":"Sound transmission loss of double-wall piezoelectric plate made of functionally graded materials via third-order shear deformation theory","volume":"219","author":"Danesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Lalanne, C. (2013). Random Vibration. Mechanical Vibration and Shock Analysis, John Wiley & Sons. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Chraponska, A., Rzepecki, J., Isaac, C.W., Mazur, K., Wrona, S., and Pawelczyk, M. (2020, January 12\u201316). Vibroacoustical properties of a double-panel structure with stiffness-varying couplings. Proceedings of the Annual Congress of the International Institute of Acoustics and Vibration (IIAV), Prague, Czech Republic."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1006\/jsvi.1996.0026","article-title":"Natural vibration analysis of clamped rectangular orthotropic plates","volume":"189","author":"Dalaei","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3075766","article-title":"Analytical and experimental investigation on transmission loss of clamped double panels: Implication of boundary effects","volume":"125","author":"Xin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Kaiser, O.E. (2001). Active Control of Sound Transmission through a Double Wall Structure. [Ph.D. Thesis, Technische Wissenschaften]."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/12\/3505\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:41:23Z","timestamp":1760175683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/12\/3505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s20123505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20123505","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]]}}}