{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:44:52Z","timestamp":1775011492435,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this review is to summarize that most relevant technologies used to evaluate gait features and the associated algorithms that have shown promise to aid diagnosis and symptom monitoring in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients. We searched PubMed for studies published between 1 January 2005, and 30 August 2019 on gait analysis in PD. We selected studies that have either used technologies to distinguish PD patients from healthy subjects or stratified PD patients according to motor status or disease stages. Only those studies that reported at least 80% sensitivity and specificity were included. Gait analysis algorithms used for diagnosis showed a balanced accuracy range of 83.5\u2013100%, sensitivity of 83.3\u2013100% and specificity of 82\u2013100%. For motor status discrimination the gait analysis algorithms showed a balanced accuracy range of 90.8\u2013100%, sensitivity of 92.5\u2013100% and specificity of 88\u2013100%. Despite a large number of studies on the topic of objective gait analysis in PD, only a limited number of studies reported algorithms that were accurate enough deemed to be useful for diagnosis and symptoms monitoring. In addition, none of the reported algorithms and technologies has been validated in large scale, independent studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T09:05:33Z","timestamp":1592903133000},"page":"3529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["Gait Analysis in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: An Overview of the Most Accurate Markers for Diagnosis and Symptoms Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8753-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lazzaro","family":"di Biase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria Letizia","family":"Caminiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"De Liso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Syed Ahmar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School: Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UX Edinburgh, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3668-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9113-5925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Lazzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via \u00c1lvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.6.745","article-title":"The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"Gibb","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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