{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T18:02:56Z","timestamp":1773511376660,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BIOSTRATEG3\/347105\/9\/NCBR\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIOSTRATEG3\/347105\/9\/NCBR\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent advances in the field of electronic noses (e-noses) have led to new developments in both sensors and feature extraction as well as data processing techniques, providing an increased amount of information. Therefore, feature selection has become essential in the development of e-nose applications. Sophisticated computation techniques can be applied for solving the old problem of sensor number optimization and feature selections. In this way, one can find an optimal application-specific sensor array and reduce the potential cost associated with designing new e-nose devices. In this paper, we examine a procedure to extract and select modeling features for optimal e-nose performance. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated in detail. We calculated the model\u2019s performance using cross-validation with the standard leave-one-group-out and group shuffle validation methods. Our analysis of wine spoilage data from the sensor array shows when a transient sensor response is considered, both from gas adsorption and desorption phases, it is possible to obtain a reasonable level of odor detection even with data coming from a single sensor. This requires adequate extraction of modeling features and then selection of features used in the final model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T09:05:33Z","timestamp":1592903133000},"page":"3542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Odor Detection Using an E-Nose With a Reduced Sensor Array"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2906-246X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Borowik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"Adamowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9666-8483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Tarakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2642-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Siwek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Theory of Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Information Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3853-9426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Grzywacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Theory of Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Information Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hurot, C., Scaramozzino, N., Buhot, A., and Hou, Y. (2020). Bio-Inspired Strategies for Improving the Selectivity and Sensitivity of Artificial Noses: A Review. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061803"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Loo, J., Chen, J., Yam, Y., Chen, S.C., He, H., Kong, S., and Ho, H. (2019). Recent Advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Sensors. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061266"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9879","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b02036","article-title":"Highly-Selective Optoelectronic Nose Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging for Sensing Volatile Organic Compounds","volume":"90","author":"Brenet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. 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