{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:30:10Z","timestamp":1780385410769,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y2018\/EMT-4818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2018\/EMT-4818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y2018\/EMT-4818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2018\/EMT-4818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y2018\/EMT-4818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2018\/EMT-4818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bicycle sharing systems (BSSs) have established a new shared-economy mobility model. After a rapid growth they are evolving into a fully-functional mobile sensor platform for cities. The viability of BSSs is floored by their operational costs, mainly due to rebalancing operations. Rebalancing implies transporting bicycles to and from docking stations in order to guarantee the service. Rebalancing performs clustering to group docking stations by behaviour and proximity. In this paper we propose a Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering based on an Ultra-Light Edge Computing Algorithm (HAC-ULECA). We eliminate the proximity and let Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) focus on behaviour. Behaviour is represented by ULECA as an activity profile based on the net flow of arrivals and departures in a docking station. This drastically reduces the computing requirements which allows ULECA to run as an edge computing functionality embedded into the physical layer of the Internet of Shared Bikes (IoSB) architecture. We have applied HAC-ULECA to real data from BiciMAD, the public BSS in Madrid (Spain). Our results, presented as dendograms, graphs, geographical maps, and colour maps, show that HAC-ULECA is capable of separating behaviour profiles related to business and residential areas and extracting meaningful spatio-temporal information about the BSS and the city\u2019s mobility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T09:05:33Z","timestamp":1592903133000},"page":"3550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering of Bicycle Sharing Stations Based on Ultra-Light Edge Computing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Vinagre D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group Biometry, Biosignals, Security, and Smart Mobility, Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica Aplicada a las Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7306-8450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group Biometry, Biosignals, Security, and Smart Mobility, Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica Aplicada a las Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0023-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group Biometry, Biosignals, Security, and Smart Mobility, Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica Aplicada a las Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0062-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark R.","family":"Wilby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group Biometry, Biosignals, Security, and Smart Mobility, Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica Aplicada a las Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"S\u00e1nchez \u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group Biometry, Biosignals, Security, and Smart Mobility, Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica Aplicada a las Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, T., Han, G., Qi, X., Du, J., Lin, C., and Shu, L. 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