{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T19:53:23Z","timestamp":1776887603696,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2-0219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007657","name":"Univerza v Ljubljani","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FE - Raziskovalni in pedago\u0161ki projekti"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FE - Raziskovalni in pedago\u0161ki projekti"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007657","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simultaneous determination of linear and angular positions of rotating objects is a challenging task for traditional sensor applications and a very limited set of solutions is available. The paper presents a novel approach of replacing a set of traditional linear and rotational sensors by a small set of image sensors. While the camera\u2019s angle of view can be a limiting factor in the tracking of multiple objects, the presented approach allows for a network of image sensors to extend the covered area. Furthermore, rich image data allows for the application of different data processing algorithms to effectively and accurately determine the object\u2019s position. The proposed solution thus provides a set of smart visual encoders emulated by an image sensor or a network of image sensors for more demanding spatially distributed tasks. As a proof of concept, we present the results of the experiment in the target application, where a\u00a01.6     MP image sensor was used to obtain sub-degree angular resolution at 600 rpm and thus exceeding the design parameters and requirements. The solution allows for a compact, cost-effective, and robust integration into the final product.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T09:05:33Z","timestamp":1592903133000},"page":"3552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Fast and Reliable Alternative to Encoder-Based Measurements of Multiple 2-DOF Rotary-Linear Transformable Objects Using a Network of Image Sensors with Application to Table Football"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7936-3258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matev\u017e","family":"Bo\u0161nak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1461-3321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Klan\u010dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1109\/3516.544788","article-title":"Optical encoders for small drives","volume":"1","author":"Dimmler","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. 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