{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:57:03Z","timestamp":1760237823671,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a beamforming method in the presence of coherent multipath arrivals at the array. The proposed method avoids the prior knowledge or estimation of the directions of arrival (DOAs) of the direct path signal and the multipath signals. The interferences are divided into two groups based on their powers and the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix (INCM) is reconstructed through the doubly covariance matrix reconstruction concept. The composite steering vector (CSV) that accounts for the direct path signal and multipath signals is estimated as the principal eigenvector of the sample covariance matrix with interferences and noise removed. The optimal weight vector is finally computed using the INCM and the CSV. The proposed method involves no spatial smoothing and avoids reduction in the degree of freedom. Simulation results demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T10:36:54Z","timestamp":1593081414000},"page":"3595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Doubly Covariance Matrix Reconstruction Based Blind Beamforming for Coherent Signals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8549-1392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuang","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chongyi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6296-2307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaotao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2017.0314","article-title":"Robust adaptive beamforming of coherent signals in the presence of the unknown mutual coupling","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2018.5267","article-title":"Robust wideband beamforming method for linear frequency modulation signals based on digital dechirp processing","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0384","article-title":"Robust and fast beamforming with magnitude response constraints for multiple-input multiple-output radar","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2007.909308","article-title":"Fast blind adaptive beamforming algorithm with interference suppression","volume":"57","author":"Xie","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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