{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T10:42:47Z","timestamp":1775299367892,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The continuous improvement of the technical potential of bioelectronic devices for biosensing applications will provide clinicians with a reliable tool for biomarker quantification down to the single molecule. Eventually, physicians will be able to identify the very moment at which the illness state begins, with a terrific impact on the quality of life along with a reduction of health care expenses. However, in clinical practice, to gather enough information to formulate a diagnosis, multiple biomarkers are normally quantified from the same biological sample simultaneously. Therefore, it is critically important to translate lab-based bioelectronic devices based on electrolyte gated thin-film transistor technology into a cost-effective portable multiplexing array prototype. In this perspective, the assessment of cost-effective manufacturability represents a crucial step, with specific regard to the optimization of the bio-functionalization protocol of the transistor gate module. Hence, we have assessed, using surface plasmon resonance technique, a sustainable and reliable cost-effective process to successfully bio-functionalize a gold surface, suitable as gate electrode for wide-field bioelectronic sensors. The bio-functionalization process herein investigated allows to reduce the biorecognition element concentration to one-tenth, drastically impacting the manufacturing costs while retaining high analytical performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20133678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T16:06:54Z","timestamp":1593533214000},"page":"3678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Assessment of Gold Bio-Functionalization for Wide-Interface Biosensing Platforms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Sarcina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Torsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"CSGI (Centre for Colloid and Surface Science), Department of Chemistry, 70125 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"The Faculty of Science and Engineering, \u00c5bo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8033-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria Anna","family":"Picca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"CSGI (Centre for Colloid and Surface Science), Department of Chemistry, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Manoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"CSGI (Centre for Colloid and Surface Science), Department of Chemistry, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1534-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Macchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Science and Engineering, \u00c5bo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10016","article-title":"Probing cellular protein complexes using single-molecule pull-down","volume":"473","author":"Jain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11354","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201600495","article-title":"Single-molecule sensors: Challenges and opportunities for quantitative analysis","volume":"55","author":"Gooding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angew. 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