{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T19:10:07Z","timestamp":1778353807286,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The required precision for attitude determination in spacecraft is increasing, providing a need for more accurate attitude determination sensors. The star sensor or star tracker provides unmatched arc-second precision and with the rise of micro satellites these sensors are becoming smaller, faster and more efficient. The most critical component in the star sensor system is the lost-in-space star identification algorithm which identifies stars in a scene without a priori attitude information. In this paper, we present an efficient lost-in-space star identification algorithm using a neural network and a robust and novel feature extraction method. Since a neural network implicitly stores the patterns associated with a guide star, a database lookup is eliminated from the matching process. The search time is therefore not influenced by the number of patterns stored in the network, making it constant (O(1)). This search time is unrivalled by other star identification algorithms. The presented algorithm provides excellent performance in a simple and lightweight design, making neural networks the preferred choice for star identification algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20133684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T16:06:54Z","timestamp":1593533214000},"page":"3684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Efficient Star Identification Using a Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Rijlaarsdam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Corporation, Intel R&amp;D Ireland Ltd, Collinstown, Collinstown Industrial Park, Co., Kildare W23 CX68, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Yous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Corporation, Intel R&amp;D Ireland Ltd, Collinstown, Collinstown Industrial Park, Co., Kildare W23 CX68, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Corporation, Intel R&amp;D Ireland Ltd, Collinstown, Collinstown Industrial Park, Co., Kildare W23 CX68, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Oddenino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space Agency\/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7624-1415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Furano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space Agency\/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Moloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Corporation, Intel R&amp;D Ireland Ltd, Collinstown, Collinstown Industrial Park, Co., Kildare W23 CX68, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rijlaarsdam, D., Yous, H., Byrne, J., Oddenino, D., Furano, G., and Moloney, D. (2020). A Survey of Lost-in-Space Star Identification Algorithms since 2009. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092579"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1109\/7.570743","article-title":"A grid algorithm for autonomous star identification","volume":"33","author":"Padgett","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03546429","article-title":"An Efficient and Robust Singular Value Method for Star Pattern Recognition and Attitude Determination","volume":"52","author":"Juang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Astronaut. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2514\/1.30393","article-title":"Star identification algorithm based on log-polar transform","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. 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