{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T15:22:05Z","timestamp":1778167325832,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]],"date-time":"2020-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Undoubtedly, the supply chain management (SCM) system is an important part of many organizations worldwide; over time, the technologies used to manage a supply chain ecosystem have, therefore, a great impact on businesses\u2019 effectiveness. Among others, numerous developments have been made that targeted to have robust supply chain systems to efficiently manage the growing demands of various supplies, considering the underlying requirements and main challenges such as scalability, specifically privacy and security, of various business networks. Internet of things (IoT) comes with a solution to manage a complex, scalable supply chain system, but to provide and attain enough security during information exchange, along with keeping the privacy of its users, is the great inherent challenge of IoT. To fulfill these limitations, this study designs and models a scaled IoT-based supply chain (IoT-SC) system, comprising several operations and participants, and deploys mechanisms to leverage the security, mainly confidentially, integrity, authentication (CIA), and a digital signature scheme to leverage potentially secured non-repudiation security service for the worst-case scenario, and to leverage privacy to keep users sensitive personal and location information protected against adversarial entities to the IoT-SC system. Indeed, a scaled IoT-SC system certainly opens new challenges to manage privacy and security while communicating. Therefore, in the IoT-SC system, each transaction writes from edge computing nodes to the IoT-SC controller is thoroughly examined to ensure the proposed solutions in bi-directional communication, and their robustness against adversarial behaviors. Future research works, employing blockchain and its integrations, are detailed as paces to accelerate the privacy and security of the IoT-SC system, for example, migrating IoT-centric computing to an immutable, decentralized platform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20133760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T09:49:11Z","timestamp":1594028951000},"page":"3760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Intuitive Development to Examine Collaborative IoT Supply Chain System Underlying Privacy and Security Levels and Perspective Powering through Proactive Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0265-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aamir","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software and IT Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5599-0190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software and IT Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9117-5743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelouahed","family":"Gherbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software and IT Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul, P.V., and Saraswathi, R. (2017, January 22\u201323). The Internet of Things\u2014A comprehensive survey. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Commuincation (ICCPEIC), Melmaruvathur, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCPEIC.2017.8290405"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-014-9492-7","article-title":"The internet of things: A survey","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahzad, A., Kim, Y.-G., and Elgamoudi, A. (2017, January 13\u201315). Secure IoT Platform for Industrial Control Systems. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Platform Technology and Service (PlatCon), Busan, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/PlatCon.2017.7883726"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82721","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2924045","article-title":"A Survey on IoT Security: Application Areas, Security Threats, and Solution Architectures","volume":"7","author":"Hassija","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s40012-016-0136-6","article-title":"Internet of Things: Challenges and research opportunities","volume":"5","author":"Hussain","year":"2016","journal-title":"CSI Trans. ICT"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraijak, S., and Tuwanut, P. (2015, January 21\u201323). A survey on IoT architectures, protocols, applications, security, privacy, real-world implementation and future trends. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2015), Shanghai, China.","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2015.0714"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argyropoulou, M., Michaelides, R., Reid, I., and Ioannou, G. (2015, January 6\u20139). Supply Chain Management Information Systems and Organisational Performance in economic turbulent environments. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM.2015.7385932"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezaee, Z. (2018). Supply chain management and business sustainability synergy: A theoretical and integrated perspective. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3148737"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chamekh, M., El Asmi, S., Hamdi, M., and Kim, T.-H. (2018, January 16\u201319). IoT Based Tracking System for Supply Chain Management. Proceedings of the 2018 6th International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Communications (WINCOM), Marrakesh, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/WINCOM.2018.8629607"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benabdellah, A.C., Benghabrit, A., Bouhaddou, I., and Zemmouri, E.M. (December, January 29). Big data for supply chain management: Opportunities and challenges. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE\/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), Agadir, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2016.7945828"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/jbl.12082","article-title":"Data Science, Predictive Analytics, and Big Data in Supply Chain Management: Current State and Future Potential","volume":"36","author":"Schoenherr","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bus. Logist."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"725","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for forecasting in supply chain management: A case study of White Sugar consumption rate in Thailand","volume":"52","author":"Bekrar","year":"2019","journal-title":"IFAC Pap."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-493x.2012.03287.x","article-title":"Cloud Computing in Support of Supply Chain Information System Infrastructure: Understanding When to go to the Cloud","volume":"49","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Supply Chain Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.12.004","article-title":"Application of machine learning techniques for supply chain demand forecasting","volume":"184","author":"Carbonneau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.01.100","article-title":"Demand forecasting in pharmaceutical supply chains: A case study","volume":"149","author":"Merkuryeva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.04.051","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT) and its impact on supply chain: A framework for building smart, secure and efficient systems","volume":"86","author":"Manogaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Farooq, M.J., and Zhu, Q. (2019). IoT Supply Chain Security: Overview, Challenges, and the Road Ahead. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekwall, D. (2012). Supply Chain Security\u2013Threats and Solutions. Risk Management\u2014Current Issues and Challenges, InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/48365"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abomhara, M., and Koien, G.M. (2014, January 11\u201314). Security and privacy in the Internet of Things: Current status and open issues. Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Privacy and Security in Mobile Systems (PRISMS), Aalborg, Denmark.","DOI":"10.1109\/PRISMS.2014.6970594"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2694844","article-title":"A Survey on Security and Privacy Issues in Internet-of-Things","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, Y.H. (2015, January 14). Iot security & privacy: Threats and challenges. Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on IoT Privacy, Trust, and Security, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1145\/2732209.2732216"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2015.08.001","article-title":"Secure authentication scheme for IoT and cloud servers","volume":"24","author":"Kalra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8076","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2920987","article-title":"Blockchain for Internet of Things: A Survey","volume":"6","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ardagna, C.A., Cremonini, M., Damiani, E., Vimercati, S.D.C., and Samarati, P. (2007). Location Privacy Protection through Obfuscation-Based Techniques. Data and Applications Security XXI, Proceedings of the IFIP Annual Conference on Data and Applications Security and Privacy, Redondo Beach, CA, USA, 8\u201311 July 2007, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73538-0_4"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Li, M., Zhang, Z., and Qin, Z. (2018). ASAP: An Anonymous Smart-parking and Payment Scheme in Vehicular Networks. IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput., 1."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarkar, C., Nambi, S.N.A.U., Prasad, R.V., and Rahim, A. (2014, January 6\u20138). A scalable distributed architecture towards unifying IoT applications. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2014.6803220"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collen, A., Nijdam, N.A., Augusto-Gonzalez, J., Katsikas, S.K., Giannoutakis, K.M., Spathoulas, G., Gelenbe, E., Votis, K., Tzovaras, D., and Ghavami, N. (2018). Ghost-safe-guarding home IoT environments with personalised real-time risk control. International ISCIS Security Workshop, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95189-8_7"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012059","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1132\/1\/012059","article-title":"The Shapley weighting vector-based neutrosophic aggregation operator in DEMATEL method","volume":"1132","author":"Awang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dos Santos, Y.L., and Canedo, E.D. (2019). On the Design and Implementation of an IoT based Architecture for Reading Ultra High Frequency Tags. Information, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/info10020041"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, X., Feng, Q., Fan, T., and Lei, Q. (2012, January 21\u201323). RFID technology and its applications in Internet of Things (IoT). Proceedings of the 2012 2nd International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), Yichang, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CECNet.2012.6201508"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"4719","article-title":"Internet of things and supply chain management: A literature review","volume":"57","author":"Hassini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6144","DOI":"10.3390\/s140406144","article-title":"A New Approach to Integrate Internet-of-Things and Software-as-a-Service Model for Logistic Systems: A Case Study","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2015.11.009","article-title":"Virtualization of food supply chains with the internet of things","volume":"176","author":"erdouw","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verhoeven, P., Sinn, F., and Herden, T.T. (2018). Examples from Blockchain Implementations in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Exploring the Mindful Use of a New Technology. Logistics, 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/logistics2030020"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Litke, A., Anagnostopoulos, D., and Varvarigou, T. (2019). Blockchains for Supply Chain Management: Architectural Elements and Challenges towards a Global Scale Deployment. Logistics, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/logistics3010005"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Tian, F. (2017, January 16\u201318). A supply chain traceability system for food safety based on HACCP, blockchain & Internet of things. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management, Dalian, China."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2014.02.017","article-title":"Bottom-up approach based on Internet of Things for order fulfillment in a collaborative warehousing environment","volume":"159","author":"Reaidy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostafa, N.A., Hamdy, W., and Alawady, H. (2019). Impacts of Internet of Things on Supply Chains: A Framework for Warehousing. Soc. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci8030084"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2018.02.003","article-title":"Warehouse inventory management system using IoT and open source framework","volume":"57","author":"Tejesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2886932","article-title":"Applications of Blockchains in the Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey","volume":"21","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1394592","article-title":"Design and application of Internet of things-based warehouse management system for smart logistics","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1504\/IJES.2018.089436","article-title":"RFID IoT-enabled warehouse for safety management using product class-based storage and potential fields methods","volume":"10","author":"Trab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Embed. Syst."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550147720916384","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147720916384","article-title":"An efficient emerging network and secured hopping scheme employed over the unsecured public channels","volume":"16","author":"Shahzad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"(2020, May 03). The Future of IoT. Available online: https:\/\/us.norton.com\/internetsecurity-iot-5-predictions-for-the-future-of-iot.html."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2020, May 05). Blockchain and the Internet of Things. Available online: https:\/\/www.i-scoop.eu\/internet-of-things-guide\/blockchain-iot\/."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"(2020, May 05). IoT with Blockchain. Available online: https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/internet-of-things\/trending\/blockchain."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Gai, K., and Li, M. (2019). Blockchain Technology in Internet of Things, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21766-2"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"31","article-title":"Security Challenges Facing IoT Layers and its Protective Measures","volume":"179","author":"Aziz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Santos, M., and Moura, E. (2019). Hands-On IoT Solutions with Blockchain: Discover How Converging IoT and Blockchain Can Help You Build Effective Solutions, Packt Publishing."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.11.030","article-title":"A review of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded sustainable supply chain for industry 4.0 requirements","volume":"127","author":"Manavalan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.3390\/sym7041945","article-title":"New Security Development and Trends to Secure the SCADA Sensors Automated Transmission during Critical Sessions","volume":"7","author":"Shahzad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goswami, P., and Madan, S. (2017, January 5\u20136). Privacy preserving data publishing and data anonymization approaches: A review. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA), Greater Noida, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCAA.2017.8229787"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2013.2287092","article-title":"Extended Capabilities for a Privacy-Enhanced Participatory Sensing Infrastructure (PEPSI)","volume":"8","author":"Soriente","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2018.07.007","article-title":"ACPC: Efficient revocation of pseudonym certificates using activation codes","volume":"90","author":"Simplicio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakanishi, T., Obayashi, H., and Funabiki, N. (2009, January 25\u201328). An implementation of anonymous authentication system for Web services using proxies. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, Kyoto, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCE.2009.5156831"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2162864","article-title":"Pseudonym Changing at Social Spots: An Effective Strategy for Location Privacy in VANETs","volume":"61","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Kido, H., Yanagisawa, Y., and Satoh, T. (2005, January 11\u201314). An anonymous communication technique using dummies for location-based services. Proceedings of the ICPS \u201905. Proceedings. International Conference on Pervasive Services, Santorini, Greece."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peddinti, S.T., Dsouza, A., and Saxena, N. (2011, January 17). Cover locations: Availing location-based services without revealing the location. Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2046556.2046576"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2869847","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT) Cybersecurity Research: A Review of Current Research Topics","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Secure Digital Signature Scheme Based on Elliptic Curves for Internet of Things","volume":"6","author":"Koppula","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kouzinopoulos, C.S., Spathoulas, G., Giannoutakis, K.M., Votis, K., Pandey, P., Tzovaras, D., Katsikas, S., Collen, A., and Nijdam, N.A. (2018). Using blockchains to strengthen the security of internet of things. International ISCIS Security Workshop, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95189-8_9"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorri, A., Kanhere, S.S., Jurdak, R., and Gauravaram, P. (2017, January 13\u201317). Blockchain for IoT security and privacy: The case study of a smart home. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops), Kona, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2017.7917634"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9675050","article-title":"A Survey of How to Use Blockchain to Secure Internet of Things and the Stalker Attack","volume":"2018","author":"Jesus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Secur. Commun. Netw."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/13\/3760\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:47:34Z","timestamp":1760176054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/13\/3760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s20133760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20133760","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]]}}}