{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T06:03:28Z","timestamp":1775109808673,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To demonstrate the wearable flexible\/stretchable health-monitoring sensor, it is necessary to develop advanced functional materials and fabrication technologies. Among the various developed materials and fabrication processes for wearable sensors, carbon-based materials and textile-based configurations are considered as promising approaches due to their outstanding characteristics such as high conductivity, lightweight, high mechanical properties, wearability, and biocompatibility. Despite these advantages, in order to realize practical wearable applications, electrical and mechanical performances such as sensitivity, stability, and long-term use are still not satisfied. Accordingly, in this review, we describe recent advances in process technologies to fabricate advanced carbon-based materials and textile-based sensors, followed by their applications such as human activity and electrophysiological sensors. Furthermore, we discuss the remaining challenges for both carbon- and textile-based wearable sensors and then suggest effective strategies to realize the wearable sensors in health monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20143927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T10:54:46Z","timestamp":1594896886000},"page":"3927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Challenges in Design and Fabrication of Flexible\/Stretchable Carbon- and Textile-Based Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring: A Critical Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5607-3327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Sang","family":"Heo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA"}]},{"given":"Md Faruk","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6539-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Insoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901958","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901958","article-title":"Smart Textile-Integrated Microelectronic Systems for Wearable Applications","volume":"32","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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