{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T22:05:42Z","timestamp":1770415542669,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With an increasing penetration of ubiquitous connectivity, the amount of data describing the actions of end-users has been increasing dramatically, both within the domain of the Internet of Things (IoT) and other smart devices. This has led to more awareness of users in terms of protecting personal data. Within the IoT, there is a growing number of peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions, increasing the exposure to security vulnerabilities, and the risk of cyberattacks. Blockchain technology has been explored as middleware in P2P transactions, but existing solutions have mainly focused on providing a safe environment for data trade without considering potential changes in interaction topologies. we present EdgeBoT, a proof-of-concept smart contracts based platform for the IoT built on top of the ethereum blockchain. With the Blockchain of Things (BoT) at the edge of the network, EdgeBoT enables a wider variety of interaction topologies between nodes in the network and external services while guaranteeing ownership of data and end users\u2019 privacy. in EdgeBoT, edge devices trade their data directly with third parties and without the need of intermediaries. This opens the door to new interaction modalities, in which data producers at the edge grant access to batches of their data to different third parties. Leveraging the immutability properties of blockchains, together with the distributed nature of smart contracts, data owners can audit and are aware of all transactions that have occurred with their data. we report initial results demonstrating the potential of EdgeBoT within the IoT. we show that integrating our solutions on top of existing IoT systems has a relatively small footprint in terms of computational resource usage, but a significant impact on the protection of data ownership and management of data trade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20143965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T10:22:02Z","timestamp":1594981322000},"page":"3965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Edge Computing to Secure IoT Data Ownership and Trade with the Ethereum Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1148-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anum","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Turku Intelligent Embedded and Robotic Systems Group (TIERS), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan Univeristy, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3091-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Pe\u00f1a Queralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Intelligent Embedded and Robotic Systems Group (TIERS), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jixin","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0379-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Awais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan Univeristy, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9851-9868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuan Nguyen","family":"Gia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Intelligent Embedded and Robotic Systems Group (TIERS), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2601-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Kashif","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3062-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibin","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Fudan-Zhongan Joint Laboratory of Blockchain and Information Security, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Blockchain, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1793-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomi","family":"Westerlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Intelligent Embedded and Robotic Systems Group (TIERS), Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","article-title":"Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications","volume":"17","author":"Guizani","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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