{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T22:15:09Z","timestamp":1767046509818,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, there is a growing trend in smart cities. Therefore, Terrestrial and Internet of Things (IoT) enabled Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (TWSNs and IoT-UWSNs) are mostly used for observing and communicating via smart technologies. For the sake of collecting the desired information from the underwater environment, multiple acoustic sensors are deployed with limited resources, such as memory, battery, processing power, transmission range, etc. The replacement of resources for a particular node is not feasible due to the harsh underwater environment. Thus, the resources held by the node needs to be used efficiently to improve the lifetime of a network. In this paper, to support smart city vision, a terrestrial based \u201cAway Cluster Head with Adaptive Clustering Habit\u201d (ACH)     2     is examined in the specified three dimensional (3-D) region inside the water. Three different cases are considered, which are: single sink at the water surface, multiple sinks at water surface,, and sinks at both water surface and inside water. \u201cUnderwater (ACH)     2    \u201d (U-(ACH)     2    ) is evaluated in each case. We have used depth in our proposed U-(ACH)     2     to examine the performance of (ACH)     2     in the ocean environment. Moreover, a comparative analysis is performed with state of the art routing protocols, including: Depth-based Routing (DBR) and Energy Efficient Depth-based Routing (EEDBR) protocol. Among all of the scenarios followed by case 1 and case 3, the number of packets sent and received at sink node are maximum using DEEC-(ACH)     2     protocol. The packets drop ratio using TEEN-(ACH)     2     protocol is less when compared to other algorithms in all scenarios. Whereas, for dead nodes DEEC-(ACH)     2    , LEACH-(ACH)     2    , and SEP-(ACH)     2     protocols\u2019 performance is different for every considered scenario. The simulation results shows that the proposed protocols outperform the existing ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20154116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T09:06:09Z","timestamp":1595581569000},"page":"4116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["An Energy Efficient Routing Approach for IoT Enabled Underwater WSNs in Smart Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nighat","family":"Usman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Sciences, Bahria University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Alfandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, UAE"}]},{"given":"Saeeda","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Asad Masood","family":"Khattak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, UAE"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7064-6796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Awais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK"}]},{"given":"Bashir","family":"Hayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2829-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahthasham","family":"Sajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of ICT, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta, Quetta 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7402257","article-title":"Underwater Wireless Communications and Networks: Theory and Application","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, M.F., Jayakody, D.N., Chursin, Y.A., Affes, S., and Dmitry, S. (2019). Recent advances and future directions on underwater wireless communications. Arch. Comput. Methods Eng., 1\u201334.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-019-09354-8"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-016-9605-x","article-title":"Autonomy for underwater robots\u2014A European perspective","volume":"40","author":"Huet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Auton. Robot."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701834","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/701834","article-title":"Greedy routing in underwater acoustic sensor networks: A survey","volume":"9","author":"Kheirabadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Wei, X., Li, L., and Wang, X. (2019, January 11\u201313). Energy-Efficient Approximate Data Collection and BP-Based Reconstruction in UWSNs. Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Computing and Communication, Birmingham, UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34139-8_10"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2619319","article-title":"Packet Size Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Grid Applications","volume":"64","author":"Kurt","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14419","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2687083","article-title":"Packet Size Optimization for Multiple Input Multiple Output Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks aided Internet of Things","volume":"5","author":"Majumdar","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-012-0600-z","article-title":"Wireless underwater communications","volume":"64","author":"Poncela","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481570","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/481570","article-title":"Towards robust routing in three-dimensional underwater wireless sensor networks","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-016-1224-0","article-title":"EMGGR: An energy-efficient multipath grid-based geographic routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks","volume":"23","author":"Alzeidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4236\/jcc.2016.45006","article-title":"A Comparative Assessment of Floating and Submerged Sensor Network Deployments for Monitoring Underwater Sediment Transport Processes","volume":"4","author":"Watt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, B.B., and Ram, S.K. (2016, January 26\u201327). Localization using beacon in wireless sensor networks to detect faulty nodes and accuracy improvement through DV-Hop algorithm. Proceedings of the Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), International Conference, Coimbatore, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/INVENTIVE.2016.7823209"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2013.02.025","article-title":"Domatic partition in homogeneous wireless sensor networks","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705470","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/705470","article-title":"Protocols and architectures for next-generation wireless sensor networks","volume":"2014","author":"Ullah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salami, A.F., Adedokun, E.A., Al-Turjman, F., Bello-Salau, H., Sadiq, B.O., and Dogo, E.M. (2020). Explorative analysis of AUV-aided cluster-based routing protocols for Internet of intelligent underwater sensors. Drones in Smart-Cities 2020 Jan 1, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819972-5.00009-4"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4236\/wsn.2018.107008","article-title":"A Void Avoidance Scheme for Grid-Based Multipath Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"10","author":"Arafeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wirel. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, A., Aurangzeb, K., Qazi, E.U., and Ur Rahman, A. (2020). Energy-Aware Scalable Reliable and Void-Hole Mitigation Routing for Sparsely Deployed Underwater Acoustic Networks. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10010177"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John, S., Menon, V.G., and Nayyar, A. (2020). Simulation-Based Performance Analysis of Location-Based Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Underwater Sensor Networks Having Communication Voids. Data Management, Analytics and Innovation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9949-8_49"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awais, M., Nadeem, J., Nidal, N., and Muhammad, I. (2019, January 24\u201328). Exploiting Energy Efficient Routing protocols for Void Hole Alleviation in IoT enabled Underwater WSN. Proceedings of the 2019 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), Tangier, Morocco.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2019.8766551"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awais, M., Zahoor, A.k., Nadeem, T., Abdul, M., Aymen, R., and Farooq, H. (2019, January 26\u201328). Cluster-based routing protocols with adaptive transmission range adjustment in UWSNs. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Internetworking, Data & Web Technologies, Fujairah, UAE.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12839-5_49"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awais, M., Abdul, M., Zahoor, A.K., and Nadeem, J. (2018, January 28\u201329). A Survey on Multi-hop Routing Protocols for Efficient Resource Allocation in IoTs. Proceedings of the 2018 Fifth HCT Information Technology Trends (ITT), Dubai, UAE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CTIT.2018.8649533"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9145675","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9145675","article-title":"Shortest Path Routing Protocol Based on the Vertical Angle for Underwater Acoustic Networks","volume":"2019","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fawzy, A.E., Amer, A., Shokair, M., El-Halafawy, S., and Waleed, S. (2016). An Efficient Design of Cluster Size for Maximizing Outcomes of Direct Transmission in Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks. Int. J. Comp. Dig. Syst.","DOI":"10.12785\/ijcds\/050502"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429340","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/429340","article-title":"Balance Transmission Mechanism in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"49","article-title":"Clustering based on node density in heterogeneous under-water sensor network","volume":"5","author":"Saxena","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Technol. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.3390\/s120201827","article-title":"AURP: An AUV-aided underwater routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks","volume":"12","author":"Yoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"228","article-title":"Analysis and Simulation of Energy Efficient Optimal Scenarios for Cluster Based Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network","volume":"2","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Netw. Secur. Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gambhir, A., Payal, A., and Arya, R. (2020). Comparative Analysis of SEP, I-SEP, LEACH and PSO-Based Clustering Protocols in WSN. Soft Computing: Theories and Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0751-9_57"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325474","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/325474","article-title":"Towards a Secure Medium Access Control Protocol for Cluster-Based Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6457942","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6457942","article-title":"Energy efficient hierarchical clustering approaches in wireless sensor networks: A survey","volume":"2017","author":"Jan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-017-0913-y","article-title":"Development of fuzzy based energy efficient cluster routing protocol to increase the lifetime of wireless sensor networks","volume":"24","author":"Balaji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mob. Netw. Appl."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, H., Shi, Z.J., and Cui, J.H. (2008). DBR: Depth-based routing for underwater sensor networks. NETWORKING 2008 Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Wireless Networks, Next Generation Internet, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79549-0_7"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.10.022","article-title":"Routing protocols based on node mobility for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN): A survey","volume":"78","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2015.08.023","article-title":"WDFAD-DBR: Weighting depth and forwarding area division DBR routing protocol for UASNs","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaf, A., Ali, T., Farooq, W., Draz, U., and Yasin, S. (2018, January 9\u201313). Comparison of DBR and L2-ABF routing protocols in underwater wireless sensor network. Proceedings of the 2018 15th International Bhurban conference on applied sciences and technology (IBCAST), Islamabad, Pakistan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IBCAST.2018.8312305"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahid, A., Lee, S., Jeong, H.J., and Kim, D. (2011). EEDBR: Energy-efficient depth-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks. Advanced Computer Science and Information Technology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24267-0_27"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3257","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.3257","article-title":"LRP: Link quality-aware queue-based spectral clustering routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks","volume":"30","author":"Faheem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Syst."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-019-06903-z","article-title":"WSN strategies based on sensors, deployment, sensing models, coverage and energy efficiency: Review, approaches and open issues","volume":"111","author":"Amutha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahato, D.P., Sandhu, J.K., and Dutta, K. (2020, January 4\u20137). Distributed routing for underwater wireless sensor networks using cuckoo search-ant colony optimization. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking, Kolkata, India.","DOI":"10.1145\/3369740.3372757"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, A., Ali, I., Ghani, A., Khan, N., Alsaqer, M., Rahman, A.U., and Mahmood, H. (2018). Routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks: Taxonomy, research challenges, routing strategies and future directions. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051619"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-017-1461-x","article-title":"A reliable energy-efficient pressure-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network","volume":"24","author":"Khasawneh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"3064","article-title":"Review on Energy Efficient Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"12","author":"Ismail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ksii Trans. Internet Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, M., Khan, A., Aurangzeb, K., Ali, I., Mahmood, H., Haider, S.I., and Bhatti, N. (2019). CoSiM-RPO: Cooperative Routing with Sink Mobility for Reliable and Persistent Operation in Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051101"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7792","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2805804","article-title":"An energy-aware and void-avoidable routing protocol for underwater sensor networks","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Inam, J.A., Ahmed, S., Ullah, N., Raza, A., Rehman, A.U., Khattak, A., Rahim, H., and Saqib, S. (2018). Congestion Control Reliability and Adaptive Cooperation for Efficient Underwater Sensor Networks. Eai Endorsed Trans. Scalable Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-4190-8","article-title":"Improving adaptive cluster head selection of teen protocol using fuzzy logic for WMSN","volume":"76","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383912","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/383912","article-title":"Uwsns: A round-based clustering scheme for data redundancy resolve","volume":"10","author":"Tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, J.F., and Liu, Y.L. (2011, January 9\u201311). Improved LEACH routing protocol for large scale wireless sensor networks routing. Proceedings of the Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC), International Conference, Ningbo, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECC.2011.6067668"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Arati, M., and Dharma, P.A. (2001, January 23\u201327). TEEN: A routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 15th IPDPS, San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qadir, J., Khan, A., Zareei, M., and Vargas-Rosales, C. (2019). Energy balanced localization-free cooperative noise-aware routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks. Energies, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/en12224263"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, U., Khan, A., Zareei, M., Ali, I., Khattak, H.A., and Din, I.U. (2019). Energy-effective cooperative and reliable delivery routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks. Energies, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/en12132630"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Smaragdakis, G., Matta, I., and Bestavros, A. (2004). SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for Clustered Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks, Boston University Computer Science Department."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2006.02.017","article-title":"Design of a distributed energy-efficient clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks","volume":"29","author":"Qing","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yahya, A., Islam, S.U., Akhunzada, A., Ahmed, G., Shamshirband, S., and Lloret, J. (2018). Towards efficient sink mobility in underwater wireless sensor networks. Energies, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/en11061471"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Heinzelman, W.R., Chandrakasan, A., and Balakrishnan, H. (2000, January 7). Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference System Science, Maui, HI, USA."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962523","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/962523","article-title":"A survey of localization in wireless sensor network","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589249","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/589249","article-title":"Energy Balance Routing Algorithm Based on Virtual MIMO Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"2014","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7350","DOI":"10.3390\/s120607350","article-title":"A survey on the taxonomy of cluster-based routing protocols for homogeneous wireless sensor networks","volume":"12","author":"Naeimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"909086","article-title":"Cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks under fuzzy environment","volume":"2013","author":"Azad","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.03.004","article-title":"A systematic review on heterogeneous routing protocols for wireless sensor network","volume":"53","author":"Tanwar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/15\/4116\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:51:21Z","timestamp":1760176281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/15\/4116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s20154116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20154116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]}}}