{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:37:12Z","timestamp":1768567032421,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]],"date-time":"2020-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DPI2017-89197-C2-1-R and DPI2017-89197-C2-2-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPI2017-89197-C2-1-R and DPI2017-89197-C2-2-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the open-hole quasi-static tensile and fatigue loading behavior of a multidirectional CFRP thick laminate, representative of laminates used in the aerospace industry, is studied. Non-destructive techniques such as infrared thermographic (IRT) and digital image correlation (DIC) are used to analyze the behavior of this material. We aim at characterizing the influence of the manufacturing defects and the stress concentrator through the temperature variation and strain distribution during fatigue and quasi-static tests. On the one hand, the fatigue specimens were tested in two main perpendicular directions of the laminate. The results revealed that manufacturing defects such as fiber waviness can have a major impact than open-hole stress concentrator on raising the material temperature and causing fracture. In addition, the number of plies with fibers oriented in the load direction can drastically reduce the temperature increment in the laminate. On the other hand, the quasi-static tensile tests showed that the strain distribution around the hole is able to predict the crack initiation and progression in the external plies. Finally, the experimental quasi-static tests were numerically simulated using the finite element method showing good agreement between the numerical and experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20154148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T04:39:50Z","timestamp":1595824790000},"page":"4148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["An Experimental and Numerical Investigation to Characterize an Aerospace Composite Material with Open-Hole Using Non-Destructive Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7330-6404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norberto","family":"Feito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research in Mechanical Engineering\u2014CIIM, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Vicente","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda, Universidad 30, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3913-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Belda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research in Mechanical Engineering\u2014CIIM, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Giner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research in Mechanical Engineering\u2014CIIM, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-3069(03)00062-1","article-title":"Drilling carbon fiber reinforced plastics manufactured by autoclave\u2014experimental and statistical study","volume":"24","author":"Davim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mater. 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