{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T12:15:42Z","timestamp":1768738542879,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]],"date-time":"2020-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equalization-enhanced phase noise (EEPN) can severely degrade the performance of long-haul optical fiber transmission systems. In this paper, the impact of EEPN in Nyquist-spaced dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK), dual-polarization 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM), and DP-64QAM optical transmission systems is investigated considering the use of electrical dispersion compensation (EDC) and multi-channel digital backpropagation (MC-DBP). Our results demonstrate that full-field DBP (FF-DBP) is more susceptible to EEPN compared to single-channel and partial-bandwidth DBP. EEPN-induced distortions become more significant with the increase of the local oscillator (LO) laser linewidth, and this results in degradations in bit-error-rates (BERs), achievable information rates (AIRs), and AIR-distance products in optical communication systems. Transmission systems using higher-order modulation formats can enhance information rates and spectral efficiencies, but will be more seriously degraded by EEPN. It is found that degradations on AIRs, for the investigated FF-DBP schemes, in the DP-QPSK, the DP-16QAM, and the DP-64QAM systems are 0.07 Tbit\/s, 0.11 Tbit\/s, and 0.57 Tbit\/s, respectively, due to the EEPN with an LO laser linewidth of 1 MHz. It is also seen that the selection of a higher-quality LO laser can significantly reduce the bandwidth requirement and the computational complexity in the MC-DBP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20154149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T04:39:50Z","timestamp":1595824790000},"page":"4149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Equalization-Enhanced Phase Noise on Digital Nonlinearity Compensation in High-Capacity Optical Communication Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jiazheng","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technical Science of Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5510-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianhua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technical Science of Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"},{"name":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}]},{"given":"Cenqin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"}]},{"given":"Ziyihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technical Science of Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1626-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technical Science of Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Tiegen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Technical Science of Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, G.P. 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