{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T17:14:44Z","timestamp":1763226884741,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009227","name":"Iowa State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Joint seed grant program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Joint seed grant program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008893","name":"University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Joint seed grant program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Joint seed grant program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Departments of Transportation of Iowa, Kansas, South Carolina, and North Carolina","award":["Transportation Pooled Fund Study TPF-5(449)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Transportation Pooled Fund Study TPF-5(449)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent advances in hyperelastic materials and self-sensing sensor designs have enabled the creation of dense compliant sensor networks for the cost-effective monitoring of structures. The authors have proposed a sensing skin based on soft polymer composites by developing soft elastomeric capacitor (SEC) technology that transduces geometric variations into a measurable change in capacitance. A limitation of the technology is in its low gauge factor and lack of sensing directionality. In this paper, we propose a corrugated SEC through surface texture, which provides improvements in its performance by significantly decreasing its transverse Poisson\u2019s ratio, and thus improving its sensing directionality and gauge factor. We investigate patterns inspired by auxetic structures for enhanced unidirectional strain monitoring. Numerical models are constructed and validated to evaluate the performance of textured SECs, and to study their performance at monitoring strain on animal skin. Results show that the auxetic patterns can yield a significant increase in the overall gauge factor and decrease the stress experienced by the animal skin, with the re-entrant hexagonal honeycomb pattern outperforming all of the other patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20154185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T10:16:49Z","timestamp":1595931409000},"page":"4185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Numerical Investigation of Auxetic Textured Soft Strain Gauge for Monitoring Animal Skin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3057-522X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kollosche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2288-8114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Zellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Bentil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5542-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris V.","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-8071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Wiersema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0601-9664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Laflamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klosterhoff, B.S., Tsang, M., She, D., Ong, K.G., Allen, M.G., Willett, N.J., and Guldberg, R.E. 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