{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:10:49Z","timestamp":1776096649641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0104802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0104802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFB0402704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0402704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Science and Technology Project","award":["D171100004617001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D171100004617001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010242","name":"Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019K053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019K053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China","award":["11904233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11904233"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based sensors have become highly valued for their use as nanosensors in industrial applications. Accurate prediction of the thermal stability is a key problem for sensor design. In this work, a numerical tool based on the finite element method combined with piezoelectric Lagrangian equations has been developed to accurately predict the thermal sensitivity characteristics of surface acoustic wave devices. Theoretical analysis for the geometric nonlinearity contributing to the frequency\u2013temperature characteristic and material constants\u2019 dependency on temperature were taken into consideration. The thermomechanical equilibrium equation built on the three-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) mesh node took mesh movement into account because thermal expansion was employed. The frequency\u2013temperature characteristics of different SAW modes, including Rayleigh waves and leaky waves excited on a piezoelectric substrate of quartz or lithium tantalate, respectively, were calculated. The theoretical accuracy of the proposed numerical tool was verified by experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20154237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1596080198000},"page":"4237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Geometric Nonlinear Model for Prediction of Frequency\u2013Temperature Behavior of SAW Devices for Nanosensor Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zhenglin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6180-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiaozhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Congcong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Department of Acoustic Science and Engineering, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sulei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Department of Acoustic Science and Engineering, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haodong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Department of Acoustic Science and Engineering, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.03.103","article-title":"Determining biosensing modes in SH-SAW device using 3D finite element analysis","volume":"234","author":"Brookes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. 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