{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:05:18Z","timestamp":1760238318272,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["No. NRF-2018R1A2B3005951"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. NRF-2018R1A2B3005951"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Public Safety and Security","award":["2015-72"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-72"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A variety of sensor systems have been developed to monitor the structural health status of buildings and infrastructures. However, most sensor systems for structural health monitoring (SHM) are difficult to use in extreme conditions, such as a fire situation, because of their vulnerability to high temperature and physical shocks, as well as time-consuming installation process. Here, we present a smart ball sensor (SBS) that can be immediately installed on surfaces of structures, stably measure vital SHM data in real time and wirelessly transmit the data in a high-temperature fire situation. The smart ball sensor mainly consists of sensor and data transmission module, heat insulator and adhesive module. With the integrated device configuration, the SBS can be strongly attached to the target surface with maximum adhesion force of 233.7-N and stably detect acceleration and temperature of the structure without damaging the key modules of the systems even at high temperatures of up to 500 \u00b0C while ensuring wireless transmission of the data. Field tests for a model pre-engineered building (PEB) structure demonstrate the validity of the smart ball sensor as an instantly deployable, high-temperature SHM system. This SBS can be used for SHM of a wider variety of structures and buildings beyond PEB structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20154328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T05:56:46Z","timestamp":1596520606000},"page":"4328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multifunctional Smart Ball Sensor for Wireless Structural Health Monitoring in a Fire Situation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Minsu","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]},{"given":"Insol","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"given":"Minho","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jaemook","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea"}]},{"given":"Myunggun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hee-Du","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Jae","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9067-6180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hungsun","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0962-5720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoon","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-6751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1413-3774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoon Eui","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"given":"Moon Kyu","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Design concept of pre-engineered building","volume":"2","author":"Firoz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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