{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:19:30Z","timestamp":1768436370028,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RISE2017 - 778308 - SPINMULTIFILM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RISE2017 - 778308 - SPINMULTIFILM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003443","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NUST \u00abMISiS\u00bb (\u2116 \u041a-2018-036)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUST \u00abMISiS\u00bb (\u2116 \u041a-2018-036)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012555","name":"Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project number 19-32-50058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project number 19-32-50058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012555","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union program Mobility Scheme for Targeted People-to-People-Contacts","award":["MOST"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The modern development of nanotechnology requires the discovery of simple approaches that ensure the controlled formation of functional nanostructures with a predetermined morphology. One of the simplest approaches is the self-assembly of nanostructures. The widespread implementation of self-assembly is limited by the complexity of controlled processes in a large volume where, due to the temperature, ion concentration, and other thermodynamics factors, local changes in diffusion-limited processes may occur, leading to unexpected nanostructure growth. The easiest ways to control the diffusion-limited processes are spatial limitation and localized growth of nanostructures in a porous matrix. In this paper, we propose to apply the method of controlled self-assembly of gold nanostructures in a limited pore volume of a silicon oxide matrix with submicron pore sizes. A detailed study of achieved gold nanostructures\u2019 morphology, microstructure, and surface composition at different formation stages is carried out to understand the peculiarities of realized nanostructures. Based on the obtained results, a mechanism for the growth of gold nanostructures in a limited volume, which can be used for the controlled formation of nanostructures with a predetermined geometry and composition, has been proposed. The results observed in the present study can be useful for the design of plasmonic-active surfaces for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based detection of ultra-low concentration of different chemical or biological analytes, where the size of the localized gold nanostructures is comparable with the spot area of the focused laser beam.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]],"date-time":"2020-08-06T09:41:21Z","timestamp":1596706881000},"page":"4397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Morphology and Microstructure Evolution of Gold Nanostructures in the Limited Volume Porous Matrices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dzmitry V.","family":"Yakimchuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryogenic Research Division, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre, NAS of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3573-0735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria D.","family":"Bundyukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryogenic Research Division, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre, NAS of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Ustarroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Materials and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Boulevard de la Plaine 5, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"ChemSIN\u2014Chemstry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials, Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxcelles, Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe 2, CP 255. 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Terryn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Materials and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Boulevard de la Plaine 5, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kitty","family":"Baert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Materials and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Boulevard de la Plaine 5, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8832-7443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem L.","family":"Kozlovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov Str. 1, Nur-Sultan 050032, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Engineering Profile, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mirzoyan Str. 2, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2992-1375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxim V.","family":"Zdorovets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov Str. 1, Nur-Sultan 050032, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Engineering Profile, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mirzoyan Str. 2, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, Ural Federal University, Prospekt Lenina 51, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soslan A.","family":"Khubezhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, North-Ossetian State University, Vatutina Str. 46, 362025 Vladikavkaz, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverkskiy Prospekt, St. 197101 Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3430-9578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex V.","family":"Trukhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryogenic Research Division, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre, NAS of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"},{"name":"Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2294-4371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei V.","family":"Trukhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryogenic Research Division, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre, NAS of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"},{"name":"Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa V.","family":"Panina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Materials Technology, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8755-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grigory M.","family":"Arzumanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Raman Spectroscopy (Centre \u201cNanobiophotonics\u201d), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 St. Joliot-Curie, 141980 Dubna, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Nanotechnologies and New Materials, Dubna State University, Ulitsa Universitetskaya, 19, 141982 Dubna, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7503-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kahramon Z.","family":"Mamatkulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Raman Spectroscopy (Centre \u201cNanobiophotonics\u201d), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 St. Joliot-Curie, 141980 Dubna, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9774-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria I.","family":"Tishkevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryogenic Research Division, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre, NAS of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus"},{"name":"Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egor Y.","family":"Kaniukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Materials Technology, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 119049 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3272-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Sivakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(12)70017-2","article-title":"SERS: Materials, applications, and the future","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. 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