{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:22:43Z","timestamp":1767925363939,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report a simple and versatile approach to assemble sensitive and selective fluorescence \u201cturn-on\u201d sensors for cyanide by combining three off-the-shelf materials; namely fluorescent dye, 1-vinyl imidazole polymer, and cupric chloride. The cyanide-sensing species is a non-fluorescent fluorophore-polymer-Cu2+ complex; which forms as a result of the imidazole polymer\u2019s ability to bind both fluorophore and fluorescence quencher (Cu2+). Cyanide removes Cu2+ from these complexes; thereby \u201cturning-on\u201d sensor fluorescence. These sensors are water-soluble and have a detection limit of ~2.5 \u03bcM (CN\u2212) in water. Our ternary complex-based sensing approach also enables facile emission tuning; we demonstrate the convenient, synthesis-free preparation of blue and green-emitting sensors using distyrylbiphenyl and fluorescein fluorophores, respectively. Furthermore; these ternary complexes are easily immobilized using agarose to create cyanide-sensing hydrogels; which are then used in a simple; novel microdiffusion apparatus to achieve interference-free cyanide analysis of aqueous media. The present study provides an inexpensive approach for portable; interference-free cyanide detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T09:28:57Z","timestamp":1597138137000},"page":"4488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7168-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory E.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5626-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya-Wen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Tutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Cyanide and Society: A Critical Review","volume":"4","author":"Mudder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. 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