{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:28:36Z","timestamp":1775064516331,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents a first assessment of the Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) radiances measured in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) wavelengths from PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa), the new hyperspectral satellite sensor of the Italian Space Agency in orbit since March 2019. In particular, the radiometrically calibrated PRISMA Level 1 TOA radiances were compared to the TOA radiances simulated with a radiative transfer code, starting from in situ measurements of water reflectance. In situ data were obtained from a set of fixed position autonomous radiometers covering a wide range of water types, encompassing coastal and inland waters. A total of nine match-ups between PRISMA and in situ measurements distributed from July 2019 to June 2020 were analysed. Recognising the role of Sentinel-2 for inland and coastal waters applications, the TOA radiances measured from concurrent Sentinel-2 observations were added to the comparison. The results overall demonstrated that PRISMA VNIR sensor is providing TOA radiances with the same magnitude and shape of those in situ simulated (spectral angle difference, SA, between 0.80 and 3.39; root mean square difference, RMSD, between 0.98 and 4.76 [mW m\u22122 sr\u22121 nm\u22121]), with slightly larger differences at shorter wavelengths. The PRISMA TOA radiances were also found very similar to Sentinel-2 data (RMSD &lt; 3.78 [mW m\u22122 sr\u22121 nm\u22121]), and encourage a synergic use of both sensors for aquatic applications. Further analyses with a higher number of match-ups between PRISMA, in situ and Sentinel-2 data are however recommended to fully characterize the on-orbit calibration of PRISMA for its exploitation in aquatic ecosystem mapping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1597393715000},"page":"4553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["First Evaluation of PRISMA Level 1 Data for Water Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Giardino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IREA), 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7185-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Bresciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IREA), 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4131-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences\u2014National Research Council (CNR-ISMAR), 30122 Venice, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Fabbretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IREA), 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5006-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Ghirardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IREA), 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5473-1050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IREA), 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Gianinetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IREA), 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7192-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Cogliati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Semhar","family":"Ghebrehiwot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Insight, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Marnix","family":"Laanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Insight, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Steef","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Insight, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO, Oceans &amp; Atmosphere, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0034-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier A.","family":"Concha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISMAR), 00133 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2193-5695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio E.","family":"Brando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISMAR), 00133 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dekker, A.G. 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