{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:51:30Z","timestamp":1771037490134,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Process model comprehension is essential in order to understand the five Ws (i.e., who, what, where, when, and why) pertaining to the processes of organizations. However, research in this context showed that a proper comprehension of process models often poses a challenge in practice. For this reason, a vast body of research exists studying the factors having an influence on process model comprehension. In order to point research towards a neuro-centric perspective in this context, the paper at hand evaluates the appropriateness of measuring the electrodermal activity (EDA) during the comprehension of process models. Therefore, a preliminary test run and a feasibility study were conducted relying on an EDA and physical activity sensor to record the EDA during process model comprehension. The insights obtained from the feasibility study demonstrated that process model comprehension leads to an increased activity in the EDA. Furthermore, EDA-related results indicated significantly that participants were confronted with a higher cognitive load during the comprehension of complex process models. In addition, the experiences and limitations we learned in measuring the EDA during the comprehension of process models are discussed in this paper. In conclusion, the feasibility study demonstrated that the measurement of the EDA could be an appropriate method to obtain new insights into process model comprehension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1597393715000},"page":"4561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Towards the Applicability of Measuring the Electrodermal Activity in the Context of Process Model Comprehension: Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2561-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Winter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Databases and Information Systems, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1522-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Pryss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6113-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Probst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychological Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2536-4153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfred","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Databases and Information Systems, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Polyvyanyy, A., Smirnov, S., and Weske, M. (2015). Business process model abstraction. Handbook on Business Process Management 1, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45100-3_7"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2016.01.001","article-title":"A process ontology based approach to easing semantic ambiguity in business process modeling","volume":"102","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Data Knowl. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammer, M. (2015). What is business process management?. Handbook on Business Process Management 1, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45100-3_1"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narendra, T., Agarwal, P., Gupta, M., and Dechu, S. (2019, January 1\u20136). Counterfactual Reasoning for Process Optimization Using Structural Causal Models. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM) Forum, Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-26643-1_6"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2018.05.008","article-title":"A formal approach to modeling and verification of business process collaborations","volume":"166","author":"Corradini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimoch, M., Mohring, T., Pryss, R., Probst, T., Schlee, W., and Reichert, M. (2017, January 10\u201311). Using Insights from Cognitive Neuroscience to Investigate the Effects of Event-Driven Process Chains on Process Model Comprehension. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cognitive Business Process Management (CBPM), Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74030-0_35"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-015-0482-0","article-title":"A case study about the improvement of business process models driven by indicators","volume":"16","author":"Ruiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-016-0460-2","article-title":"Comprehension of Procedural Visual Business Process Models","volume":"59","author":"Figl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2010.12.013","article-title":"Syntax highlighting in business process models","volume":"51","author":"Reijers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-015-0413-1","article-title":"Criteria and heuristics for business process model decomposition","volume":"58","author":"Milani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4018\/jismd.2010040103","article-title":"On the usage of labels and icons in business process modeling","volume":"1","author":"Mendling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Syst. Model. Des."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2016.04.004","article-title":"Enhancing understandability of process models through cultural-dependent color adjustments","volume":"87","author":"Kummer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"312","article-title":"The influence of notational deficiencies on process model comprehension","volume":"14","author":"Figl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schrepfer, M., Wolf, J., Mendling, J., and Reijers, H.A. (2009, January 18\u201319). The impact of secondary notation on process model understanding. Proceedings of the 2nd IFIP Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling (POEM), Stockholm, Sweden.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-05352-8_13"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.09.001","article-title":"Factors influencing the understandability of process models: A systematic literature review","volume":"93","author":"Dikici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahzad, K., Elias, M., and Johannesson, P. (2010, January 3\u20135). Requirements for a business process model repository: A stakeholders\u2019 perspective. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Information Systems (BIS), Berlin, Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12814-1_14"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimoch, M., Pryss, R., Schobel, J., and Reichert, M. (2017, January 12\u201313). Eye tracking experiments on process model comprehension: Lessons learned. Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Business Process Modeling, Development and Support (BPMDS), Essen, Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59466-8_10"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2011.12.013","article-title":"Factors of process model comprehension-findings from a series of experiments","volume":"53","author":"Mendling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-014-0210-2","article-title":"Exploring cognitive style and task-specific preferences for process representations","volume":"21","author":"Figl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Requir. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"9","article-title":"Process model comprehension: The effects of cognitive abilities, learning style, and strategy","volume":"34","author":"Recker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2012.50","article-title":"Empirical investigation of the usefulness of gateway constructs in process models","volume":"22","author":"Recker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-019-00577-4","article-title":"The Influence of Using Collapsed Sub-processes and Groups on the Understandability of Business Process Models","volume":"62","author":"Turetken","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1177\/0018726706072891","article-title":"Factors in team effectiveness: Cognitive and demographic similarities of software development team members","volume":"59","author":"Kang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Relat."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimoch, M., Pryss, R., Probst, T., Schlee, W., and Reichert, M. (2018, January 9\u201314). The Repercussions of Business Process Modeling Notations on Mental Load and Mental Effort. Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Social and Human Aspects of Business Process Management (BPMS), Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11641-5_11"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, T., Wang, W., Indulska, M., and Sadiq, S. (2018, January 9\u201314). Business process and rule integration approaches-an empirical analysis. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM), Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98651-7_3"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Metzger, A., and Persson, A. (2017, January 12\u201316). Cognitive Style and Business Process Model Understanding. Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE) Workshops, Essen, Germany."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razavian, M., Turetken, O., and Vanderfeesten, I. (2016, January 19). When cognitive biases lead to business process management issues. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM) Workshops, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58457-7_11"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-017-9823-6","article-title":"An empirical review of the connection between model viewer characteristics and the comprehension of conceptual process models","volume":"21","author":"Mendling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Zimoch, M., Pryss, R., Probst, T., Schlee, W., Layher, G., Neumann, H., and Reichert, M. (2017, January 20\u201324). Evaluating the Comprehensibility of Graphical Business Process Models\u2014An Eye Tracking Study. Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Eye Movements (ECEM), Wuppertal, Germany."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimoch, M., Pryss, R., Layher, G., Neumann, H., Probst, T., Schlee, W., and Reichert, M. (2018, January 25\u201330). Utilizing the capabilities offered by eye-tracking to foster novices\u2019 comprehension of business process models. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Computing (ICCC), Seattle, WA, USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94307-7_12"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2017.01.005","article-title":"How visual cognition influences process model comprehension","volume":"96","author":"Petrusel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Indulska, M., Sadiq, S., and Weber, B. (2017, January 10\u201315). Effect of linked rules on business process model understanding. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM), Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-65000-5_12"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.06.032","article-title":"Comprehension of business process models: Insight into cognitive strategies via eye tracking","volume":"136","author":"Tallon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15374","DOI":"10.2196\/15374","article-title":"Learning to Read by Learning to Write: Evaluation of a Serious Game to Foster Business Process Model Comprehension","volume":"8","author":"Winter","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8680541","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8680541","article-title":"Low cost eye tracking: The current panorama","volume":"2016","author":"Ferhat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700442","article-title":"Robust mobile crowd sensing: When deep learning meets edge computing","volume":"32","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317702044","article-title":"Accuracy of smartphone apps for heart rate measurement","volume":"24","author":"Coppetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104613","article-title":"Physiological measurement in the organizational sciences: A review and recommendations for future use","volume":"5","author":"Ganster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.1896","article-title":"Probabilistic inferences under emotional stress: How arousal affects decision processes","volume":"29","author":"Wichary","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Behav. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12258","article-title":"The relation between valence and arousal in subjective experience varies with personality and culture","volume":"85","author":"Kuppens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Personal."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2012.37","article-title":"Modeling arousal phases in daily living using wearable sensors","volume":"4","author":"Kusserow","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428117744882","article-title":"The promise of eye-tracking methodology in organizational research: A taxonomy, review, and future avenues","volume":"22","author":"Oll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Organ. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-020-01571-0","article-title":"Intentions Recognition of EEG Signals with High Arousal Degree for Complex Task","volume":"44","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073914565517","article-title":"Multiple arousal theory and daily-life electrodermal activity asymmetry","volume":"8","author":"Picard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emot. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posada-Quintero, H.F., and Chon, K.H. (2020). Innovations in Electrodermal Activity Data Collection and Signal Processing: A Systematic Review. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20020479"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Affanni, A. (2020). Wireless Sensors System for Stress Detection by Means of ECG and EDA Acquisition. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20072026"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1017","article-title":"A guide for analysing electrodermal activity (EDA) & skin conductance responses (SCRs) for psychological experiments","volume":"49","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"91","article-title":"Electrodermal Activity in Ambulatory Settings: A Narrative Review of Literature","volume":"953","author":"Ayaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Neuroergon. Cogn. Eng."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Shukla, J., Barreda-Angeles, M., Oliver, J., Nandi, G., and Puig, D. (2019). Feature Extraction and Selection for Emotion Recognition from Electrodermal Activity. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Machot, F., Elmachot, A., Ali, M., Al Machot, E., and Kyamakya, K. (2019). A deep-learning model for subject-independent human emotion recognition using electrodermal activity sensors. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071659"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.5298\/1081-5937-44.2.01","article-title":"A guide to cleaner electrodermal activity measurements","volume":"44","author":"Shaffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biofeedback"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"296","article-title":"Eda-Based Estimation Of Visual Attention By Observation Of Eye Blink Frequency","volume":"10","author":"Sakai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Smart Sens. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Dawson, M.E., Schell, A.M., and Filion, D.L. (2017). The electrodermal system. Handbook of Psychophysiology, Cambridge University Press. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2017.07.002","article-title":"Emotional reactivity and comprehension of multiple online texts","volume":"58","author":"Mason","year":"2017","journal-title":"Learn. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-015-9352-y","article-title":"Emotion and multimedia learning: An investigation of the effects of valence and arousal on different modalities in an instructional animation","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Instr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12080","article-title":"Does mood influence text processing and comprehension? Evidence from an eye-movement study","volume":"85","author":"Scrimin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimoch, M., Pryss, R., Probst, T., Schlee, W., and Reichert, M. (2017, January 12\u201313). Cognitive insights into business process model comprehension: Preliminary results for experienced and inexperienced individuals. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Business Process Modeling, Development and Support (BPMDS), Essen, Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59466-8_9"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Movisens (2020, June 11). EdaMove 3. Available online: https:\/\/www.movisens.com\/de\/produkte\/eda-und-aktivitaetssensor-edamove-3\/."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00249","article-title":"Supportive mental health self-monitoring among smartphone users with psychological distress: Protocol for a fully mobile randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Beiwinkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702620901724","article-title":"Within-and Between-Persons Effects of Self-Esteem and Affective State as Antecedents and Consequences of Dysfunctional Behaviors in the Everyday Lives of Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder","volume":"8","author":"Santangelo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boucsein, W. (2012). Electrodermal Activity, Springer. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1126-0"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-011-0064-1","article-title":"The Geneva affective picture database (GAPED): A new 730-picture database focusing on valence and normative significance","volume":"43","author":"Scherer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"129","article-title":"Electrodermal activity as a measure of emotions in media accessibility research: Methodological considerations","volume":"33","author":"Matamala","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Spec. Transl."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"253","article-title":"Electrodermal presentiments of future emotions","volume":"18","author":"Radin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sci. Explor."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"OMG, Object Management Group Specification (2020, June 11). Business Process Modeling & Notation 2.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.bpmn.org."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendling, J. (2008). Metrics for Process Models: Empirical Foundations of Verification, Error Prediction, and Guidelines for Correctness, Springer. [6th ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89224-3_5"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wohlin, C., Runeson, P., H\u00f6st, M., Ohlsson, M.C., Regnell, B., and Wesslen, A. (2012). Experimentation in Software Engineering\u2014An Introduction, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29044-2"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.14786\/flr.v7i2.403","article-title":"Combining physiological data and subjective measurements to investigate cognitive load during complex learning","volume":"7","author":"Larmuseau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontline Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2006.11.011","article-title":"A fuzzy physiological approach for continuously modeling emotion during interaction with play technologies","volume":"65","author":"Mandryk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01384.x","article-title":"Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements","volume":"49","author":"Boucsein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22523","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2899485","article-title":"Analysis of reproducibility of noninvasive measures of sympathetic autonomic control based on electrodermal activity and heart rate variability","volume":"7","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819445-4.00008-4","article-title":"Electrodermal activity and its effectiveness in cognitive research field","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Momin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognitive Informatics, Computer Modelling, and Cognitive Science"},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Fritz, T., Begel, A., M\u00fcller, S.C., Yigit-Elliott, S., and Z\u00fcger, M. (June, January 31). Using psycho-physiological measures to assess task difficulty in software development. Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), Hyderabad, India."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.12.021","article-title":"Psychological stress level detection based on electrodermal activity","volume":"341","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, T.H., Villanueva, I., Vicioso, P., and Husman, J. (2019, January 16\u201319). Exploring relationships between electrodermal activity, skin temperature, and performance during. Proceedings of the 49th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), Cincinnati, OH, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE43999.2019.9028625"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0463-4","article-title":"Towards long term monitoring of electrodermal activity in daily life","volume":"17","author":"Gravenhorst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers. Ubiquitous Comput."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1606-6","article-title":"Power spectral density analysis of electrodermal activity for sympathetic function assessment","volume":"44","author":"Florian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15547","DOI":"10.2196\/15547","article-title":"Applying Machine Learning to Daily-Life Data from the TrackYourTinnitus Mobile Health Crowdsensing Platform to Predict the Mobile Operating System Used with High Accuracy: Longitudinal Observational Study","volume":"22","author":"Pryss","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/16\/4561\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:00:45Z","timestamp":1760176845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/16\/4561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s20164561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20164561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]}}}