{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:32:36Z","timestamp":1769272356821,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]],"date-time":"2020-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RFBR 19-53-26001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFBR 19-53-26001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GACR 20-01417J"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GACR 20-01417J"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A highly effective way to improve prognosis of viral infectious diseases and to determine the outcome of infection is early, fast, simple, and efficient diagnosis of viral pathogens in biological fluids. Among a wide range of viral pathogens, Flaviviruses attract a special attention. Flavivirus genus includes more than 70 viruses, the most familiar being dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Haemorrhagic and encephalitis diseases are the most common severe consequences of flaviviral infection. Currently, increasing attention is being paid to the development of electrochemical immunological methods for the determination of Flaviviruses. This review critically compares and evaluates recent research progress in electrochemical biosensing of DENV, ZIKV, and JEV without labelling. Specific attention is paid to comparison of detection strategies, electrode materials, and analytical characteristics. The potential of so far developed biosensors is discussed together with an outlook for further development in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T04:35:51Z","timestamp":1597638951000},"page":"4600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensors for the Determination of Flaviviruses: Dengue, Zika, and Japanese Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Khristunova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Dorozhko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Korotkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"given":"Bohumil","family":"Kratochvil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9465-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlastimil","family":"Vyskocil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3366-7349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiri","family":"Barek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2007.7.2.66","article-title":"Flaviviruses Induce Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines from Murine Dendritic Cells through MyD88-dependent Pathway","volume":"7","author":"Aleyas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.197770","article-title":"Flavivirus infection\u2014A review of immunopathogenesis, immunological response, and immunodiagnosis","volume":"274","author":"Chong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.03.013","article-title":"Role of pattern recognition receptors in flavivirus infections","volume":"185","author":"Nazmi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2016.01.006","article-title":"Diagnosis of arboviral infections-A quagmire of cross reactions and complexities","volume":"14","author":"Charrel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travel Med. 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