{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:19:57Z","timestamp":1769818797876,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008793","name":"Universidad del Rosario","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1061695713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1061695713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC-2015-18210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC-2015-18210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has revolutionized several industries (e.g., manufacturing, health, transport, education, among others) by allowing objects to connect to the Internet and, thus, enabling a variety of novel applications. In this sense, IoT devices have become an essential component of smart cities, allowing many novel and useful services, but, at the same time, bringing numerous cybersecurity threats. The paper at hand proposes BlockSIEM, a blockchain-based and distributed Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) solution framework for the protection of the aforementioned smart city services. The proposed SIEM relies on blockchain technology to securely store and access security events. Such security events are generated by IoT sentinels that are in charge of shielding groups of IoT devices. The IoT sentinels may be deployed in smart city scenarios, such as smart hospitals, smart transport systems, smart airports, among others, ensuring a satisfactory level of protection. The blockchain guarantees the non-repudiation and traceability of the registry of security events due to its features. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, our proposal is implemented using Ethereum and validated through different use cases and experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T11:15:27Z","timestamp":1597749327000},"page":"4636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["BlockSIEM: Protecting Smart City Services through a Blockchain-based and Distributed SIEM"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Juan Velandia","family":"Botello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Colombiana de Ingenier\u00eda Julio Garavito, Bogot\u00e1 111166, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s Pardo","family":"Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Colombiana de Ingenier\u00eda Julio Garavito, Bogot\u00e1 111166, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2055-7901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabi\u00e1n Ardila","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Colombiana de Ingenier\u00eda Julio Garavito, Bogot\u00e1 111166, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7244-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"D\u00edaz-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Rosario, School of Engineering, Science and Technology, Bogot\u00e1, 111711, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4041-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pantaleone","family":"Nespoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix G\u00f3mez","family":"M\u00e1rmol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biswas, K., and Muthukkumarasamy, V. 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