{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:34:01Z","timestamp":1785252841735,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review presents an overview of the \u201clab-on-fiber technology\u201d vision and the main milestones set in the technological roadmap to achieve the ultimate objective of developing flexible, multifunctional plug and play fiber-optic platforms designed for specific applications. The main achievements, obtained with nanofabrication strategies for unconventional substrates, such as optical fibers, are discussed here. The perspectives and challenges that lie ahead are highlighted with a special focus on full spatial control at the nanoscale and high-throughput production scenarios. The rapid progress in the fabrication stage has opened new avenues toward the development of multifunctional plug and play platforms, discussed here with particular emphasis on new functionalities and unparalleled figures of merit, to demonstrate the potential of this powerful technology in many strategic application scenarios. The paper also analyses the benefits obtained from merging lab-on-fiber (LOF) technology objectives with the emerging field of optomechanics, especially at the microscale and the nanoscale. We illustrate the main advances at the fabrication level, describe the main achievements in terms of functionalities and performance, and highlight future directions and related milestones. All achievements reviewed and discussed clearly suggest that LOF technology is much more than a simple vision and could play a central role not only in scenarios related to diagnostics and monitoring but also in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field, where optical fibers have already yielded remarkable results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20174705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T09:35:31Z","timestamp":1597916131000},"page":"4705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Lab-On-Fiber Technology: A Roadmap toward Multifunctional Plug and Play Platforms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6355-4380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Pisco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic Division - Engineering Department, University of Sannio, c.so Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cusano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronic Division - Engineering Department, University of Sannio, c.so Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cusano, A., Consales, M., Crescitelli, A., and Ricciardi, A. (2015). Lab-On-Fiber Technology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06998-2"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s13320-012-0095-y","article-title":"Lab-on-fiber technology: A new avenue for optical nanosensors","volume":"2","author":"Consales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photonic Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8068","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN01241D","article-title":"Lab-on-fiber technology: A new vision for chemical and biological sensing","volume":"140","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201600111","article-title":"Lab on Fiber Technology for biological sensing applications","volume":"10","author":"Vaiano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2019.111105","article-title":"Lab-in-a-fiber sensors: A review","volume":"217","author":"Pissadakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microelectron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304605","article-title":"The Optical Fiber Tip: An Inherently Light-Coupled Microscopic Platform for Micro-and Nanotechnologies","volume":"26","author":"Kostovski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201500319","article-title":"Hybrid Optical Fibers\u2013An Innovative Platform for In-Fiber Photonic Devices","volume":"4","author":"Argyros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1889","article-title":"Towards multimaterial multifunctional fibres that see, hear, sense and communicate","volume":"6","author":"Abouraddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02937","article-title":"Metal\u2013insulator\u2013semiconductor optoelectronic fibres","volume":"431","author":"Bayindir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa5bf7","article-title":"Multi-material micro-electromechanical fibers with bendable functional domains","volume":"50","author":"Page","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01275","article-title":"Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibres with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission","volume":"420","author":"Temelkuran","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1079280","article-title":"Photonic crystal fibers","volume":"299","author":"Russell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2009.2020609","article-title":"Microstructured polymer optical fibers","volume":"27","author":"Argyros","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.1021\/nl801979w","article-title":"In-fiber semiconductor filament arrays","volume":"8","author":"Deng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2006.96","article-title":"Integrated optofluidics: A new river of light","volume":"1","author":"Monat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3828","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100313v","article-title":"Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors","volume":"111","author":"Mayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1210713","article-title":"Light propagation with phase discontinuities: Generalized laws of reflection and refraction","volume":"334","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.86.1391","article-title":"Cavity optomechanics","volume":"86","author":"Aspelmeyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/09500349414550261","article-title":"Photonic Crystals","volume":"41","author":"Yablonovitch","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Mod. Opt."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-060817-084150","article-title":"Nanoscale Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy Using Near-Field Probes","volume":"9","author":"Hermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2011.206","article-title":"Optofluidic microsystems for chemical and biological analysis","volume":"5","author":"Fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3390\/nano5020577","article-title":"Magneto-Plasmonics and Resonant Interaction of Light with Dynamic Magnetisation in Metallic and All-Magneto-Dielectric Nanostructures","volume":"5","author":"Maksymov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.229","article-title":"Photonic quantum technologies","volume":"3","author":"Furusawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22673","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR06002A","article-title":"Self-assembly on optical fibers: A powerful nanofabrication tool for next generation \u201clab-on-fiber\u201d optrodes","volume":"10","author":"Galeotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasad, P.N. (2004). Nanophotonics, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471670251"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kik, P.G., and Brongersma, M.L. (2007). Surface Plasmon Nanophotonics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-4333-8"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1261243","article-title":"Nanophotonics: Shrinking light-based technology","volume":"348","author":"Koenderink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800122","DOI":"10.1117\/12.894513","article-title":"Lab on fiber technology and related devices, part I: A new technological scenario; Lab on fiber technology and related devices, part II: The impact of the nanotechnologies","volume":"8001","author":"Cusano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1021\/nn204953e","article-title":"Lab-on-Fiber Technology: Toward Multifunctional Optical Nanoprobes","volume":"6","author":"Consales","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15935","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15935","article-title":"Optical fiber tip templating using direct focused ion beam milling","volume":"5","author":"Micco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Pisco, M., Galeotti, F., Grisci, G., Quero, G., and Cusano, A. (October, January 28). Self-assembled periodic patterns on the optical fiber tip by microsphere arrays. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Curitiba, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99161S","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2235997","article-title":"Nanosphere lithography for advanced all fiber Sers probes","volume":"9916","author":"Pisco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16229","DOI":"10.1038\/lsa.2016.229","article-title":"Nanosphere lithography for optical fiber tip nanoprobes","volume":"6","author":"Pisco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.8b01265","article-title":"Nanoapertures without nanolithography","volume":"6","author":"Tuniz","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041601","DOI":"10.1116\/1.5020128","article-title":"Smallest microhouse in the world, assembled on the facet of an optical fiber by origami and welded in the \u03bcRobotex nanofactory","volume":"36","author":"Rauch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1021\/nn800720r","article-title":"A Technique to Transfer Metallic Nanoscale Patterns to Small and Non-Planar Surfaces","volume":"3","author":"Smythe","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1021\/nl103730g","article-title":"Patterning the Tips of Optical Fibers with Metallic Nanostructures Using Nanoskiving","volume":"11","author":"Lipomi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2011.2126018","article-title":"Highly Sensitive Monolithic Silicon Photonic Crystal Fiber Tip Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature","volume":"29","author":"Jung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2011.2143704","article-title":"Silicon-on-insulatormicroring resonator sensor integrated on an optical fiber facet","volume":"23","author":"Arce","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.36.002898","article-title":"Top-down approach to fiber-top cantilevers","volume":"36","author":"Gavan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1021\/ph400075r","article-title":"Versatile Optical Fiber Nanoprobes: From Plasmonic Biosensors to Polarization-Sensitive Devices","volume":"1","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1021\/ph500126v","article-title":"Miniaturized Sensing Probes Based on Metallic Dielectric Crystals Self-assembled on Optical Fiber Tips","volume":"1","author":"Pisco","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"87740R","article-title":"Lab on fiber by using the breath figure technique","volume":"8774","author":"Pisco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Sens."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800477","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201800477","article-title":"Excitation of Bloch surface waves on an optical fiber tip","volume":"6","author":"Scaravilli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2014.05.009","article-title":"An enhanced LSPR fiber-optic nanoprobe for ultrasensitive detection of protein biomarkers","volume":"61","author":"Sanders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.000478","article-title":"A reflection-based localized surface plasmon resonance fiber-optic probe for biochemical sensing","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quero, G., Zito, G., Manag\u00f2, S., Galeotti, F., Pisco, M., de Luca, A., and Cusano, A. (2018). Nanosphere Lithography on Fiber: Towards Engineered Lab-On-Fiber SERS Optrodes. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030680"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2015.2487498","article-title":"Photonic-Crystal-Based Fiber Hydrophone with Sub-100 \u00b5Pa\/\u221aHz Pressure Resolution","volume":"28","author":"Jan","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.230","article-title":"Miniaturized all-fibre probe for three-dimensional optical trapping and manipulation","volume":"1","author":"Liberale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Photon."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01258","article-title":"Integrated microfluidic device for single-cell trapping and spectroscopy","volume":"3","author":"Liberale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16226","DOI":"10.1038\/lsa.2016.226","article-title":"Optical fiber meta-tips","volume":"6","author":"Principe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201500045","article-title":"Chemical and biochemical sensing applications of microstructured optical fiber-based systems","volume":"9","author":"Calcerrada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201200024","article-title":"Optical microfiber passive components","volume":"7","author":"Ismaeel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics2020634","article-title":"Optical Fiber Tweezers Fabricated by Guided Wave Photo-Polymerization","volume":"2","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photonics"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2015.2448119","article-title":"New Trends on Optical Fiber Tweezers","volume":"33","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5823","DOI":"10.3390\/s140405823","article-title":"Microfiber Optical Sensors: A Review","volume":"14","author":"Lou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.09.087","article-title":"Side-channel photonic crystal fiber for surface enhanced Raman scattering sensing","volume":"223","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27197-4","article-title":"Light-microgel interaction in resonant nanostructures","volume":"8","author":"Giaquinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22480","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.022480","article-title":"Fabrication and application of a non-contact double-tapered optical fiber tweezers","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16181","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.016181","article-title":"Graded-index fiber tip optical tweezers: Numerical simulation and trapping experiment","volume":"21","author":"Gong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201300028","article-title":"Optical formation and manipulation of particle and cell patterns using a tapered optical fiber","volume":"7","author":"Xin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paiva, J., Ribeiro, R., Cunha, J., Rosa, C., and Jorge, P. (2018). Single Particle Differentiation through 2D Optical Fiber Trapping and Back-Scattered Signal Statistical Analysis: An Exploratory Approach. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030710"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02434-y","article-title":"Fibre-optic metadevice for all-optical signal modulation based on coherent absorption","volume":"9","author":"Xomalis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2018-0204","article-title":"Photonic crystal fiber metalens","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanophotonics"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-018-0224-2","article-title":"Nano-optic endoscope for high-resolution optical coherence tomography in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Pahlevaninezhad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1156032","article-title":"Cavity optomechanics: Back-action at the mesoscale","volume":"321","author":"Kippenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031105","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4896029","article-title":"Applications of cavity optomechanics","volume":"1","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/18\/10\/S01","article-title":"External fibre Fabry\u2013Perot acoustic sensor based on a photonic-crystal mirror","volume":"18","author":"Kilic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3543949","article-title":"Miniature photonic-crystal hydrophone optimized for ocean acoustics","volume":"129","author":"Kilic","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"053501","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2170139","article-title":"Monolithic fiber-top sensor for critical environments and standard applications","volume":"88","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/16\/5\/002","article-title":"Carving fiber-top optomechanical transducers from an optical fiber","volume":"16","author":"Deladi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Micromech. Microeng."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106105","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2358710","article-title":"Fiber-top atomic force microscope","volume":"77","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094033","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/21\/9\/094033","article-title":"Ferrule-top micromachined devices: Design, fabrication, performance","volume":"21","author":"Gruca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123702","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3516044","article-title":"Ferrule-top atomic force microscope","volume":"81","author":"Chavan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrusis, A., Rector, J.H., Smith, K., de Man, S., and Iannuzzi, D. (2009, January 5). Align-and-shine photolithography. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Edinburgh, UK.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.834240"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2012.11.011","article-title":"Demonstration of an optically actuated ferrule-top device for pressure and humidity sensing","volume":"190","author":"Gruca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2971\/jeos.2012.12048","article-title":"Fiber optic sensors for precursory acoustic signals detection in rockfall events","volume":"7","author":"Schenato","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Eur. Opt. Soc. Rapid Publ."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruca, G., Rector, J.H., Heeck, K., and Iannuzzi, D. (2011, January 15\u201319). Optical fiber ferrule top sensor for humidity measurements. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, Ottawa, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.885920"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023027","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/13\/2\/023027","article-title":"Measurement of the casimir force with a ferrule-top sensor","volume":"13","author":"Zuurbier","year":"2011","journal-title":"New J. Physics"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.38.001672","article-title":"Demonstration of a miniature all-optical photo acoustic spectrometer based on ferrule-top technology","volume":"38","author":"Gruca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6680","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25082-8","article-title":"Opto-mechanical lab-on-fiber seismic sensors detected the Norcia earthquake","volume":"8","author":"Pisco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2961766","article-title":"Opto-mechanical lab-on-fiber accelerometers","volume":"38","author":"Bruno","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruno, F.A., Pisco, M., Gruca, G., Rijnveld, N., and Cusano, A. (2019, January 28). Opto-mechanical lab-on-fiber accelerometers. Proceedings of the Seventh European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors, Limassol, Cyprus.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2540322"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115110","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4766959","article-title":"Ferrule-top nanoindenter: An optomechanical fiber sensor for nanoindentation","volume":"83","author":"Chavan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SM00300A","article-title":"Local dynamic mechanical analysis for heterogeneous soft matter using ferrule-top indentation","volume":"12","author":"Kurniawan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1147","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001147","article-title":"Noninvasive Measurement of Ear Cartilage Elasticity on the Cellular Level: A New Method to Provide Biomechanical Information for Tissue Engineering","volume":"5","author":"Bos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstructive Surg. Global Open"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"4835","article-title":"Nanoemulsion-induced enzymatic crosslinking of tyramine-functionalized polymer droplets","volume":"5","author":"Kamperman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.10.051","article-title":"In vitroactivation of the neuro-transduction mechanism in sensitive organotypic human skin model","volume":"113","author":"Martorina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7924","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64892-7","article-title":"Mapping the mechanical properties of paintings via nanoindentation: A new approach for cultural heritage studies","volume":"10","author":"Tiennot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10526-4","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Micro-Indentation: Mapping tissue mechanics at the tip of an 18G needle","volume":"7","author":"Beekmans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.9b01287","article-title":"Cavity-Enhanced Lab-on-Fiber Technology: Toward Advanced Biosensors and Nano-Opto-Mechanical Active Devices","volume":"6","author":"Giaquinto","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-017-0027-x","article-title":"Ultrasensitive plano-concave optical microresonators for ultrasound sensing","volume":"11","author":"Guggenheim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7257","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2737551","article-title":"Optically 3d\u03bc-printed ferrule-top polymer suspended-mirrordevices","volume":"17","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22910","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.022910","article-title":"Fabrication of three-dimensional micro-photonic structures on the tip of optical fibers using SU-8","volume":"19","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2014.2381463","article-title":"A Fiber-Endface, Fabry\u2013Perot Vapor Microsensor Fabricated by Multiphoton Polymerization","volume":"21","author":"Melissinaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, M., Ouyang, X., and Wu, J. (2018). Optical Fiber-Tip Sensors Based on In-Situ \u00b5-Printed Polymer Suspended-Microbeams. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061825"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3516","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.393900","article-title":"Ultracompact optical fiber acoustic sensors based on a fiber-top spirally-suspended optomechanical microresonator","volume":"45","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/17\/4705\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:04:04Z","timestamp":1760177044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/17\/4705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s20174705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20174705","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]}}}