{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T15:28:20Z","timestamp":1778426900287,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poultry meat is the world\u2019s primary source of animal protein due to low cost and is widely eaten at a global level. However, intensive production is required to supply the demand although it generates stress to animals and welfare problems, which have to be reduced or eradicated for the better health of birds. In this study, bird welfare is measured by certain indicators: CO2, temperature, humidity, weight, deaths, food, and water intake. Additionally, we approach an acoustic analysis of bird vocalisations as a possible metric to add to the aforementioned parameters. For this purpose, an acoustic recording and analysis of an entire production cycle of an intensive broiler Ross 308 poultry farm in the Mediterranean area was performed. The acoustic dataset generated was processed to obtain the Equivalent Level (Leq), the mean Peak Frequency (PF), and the PF variation, every 30 min. This acoustical analysis aims to evaluate the relation between traditional indicators (death, weight, and CO2) as well as acoustical metrics (equivalent level impact (Leq) and Peak Frequency) of a complete intensive production cycle. As a result, relation between CO2 and humidity versus Leq was found, as well as decreases in vocalisation when the intake of food and water was large.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20174732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T09:21:51Z","timestamp":1598001711000},"page":"4732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Acoustic Description of the Soundscape of a Real-Life Intensive Farm and Its Impact on Animal Welfare: A Preliminary Analysis of Farm Sounds and Bird Vocalisations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4412-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo Jos\u00e9","family":"Ginovart-Panisello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Recerca en Tecnologies M\u00e8dia (GTM), La Salle\u2014Universitat Ramon Llull, C\/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Cealvet SLu, C\/Sant Josep de la Montanya 50-B, 43500 Tortosa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2261-5471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Ma","family":"Alsina-Pag\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Recerca en Tecnologies M\u00e8dia (GTM), La Salle\u2014Universitat Ramon Llull, C\/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2161-6512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignasi Iriondo","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Recerca en Technology Enhanced Learning (GRETEL), La Salle\u2014Universitat Ramon Llull, C\/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tesa Panisello","family":"Monjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cealvet SLu, C\/Sant Josep de la Montanya 50-B, 43500 Tortosa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel Call","family":"Prat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonarea Agrupa, C\/ Transpalau n\u00b08, 25210 Guissona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2009.s1.161","article-title":"Welfare of broiler chickens","volume":"8","author":"Meluzzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ital. 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