{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T22:43:15Z","timestamp":1781736195687,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["lzujbky-2020-51"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky-2020-51"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have developed an alginate hydrogel-embedded capillary sensor (AHCS) for naked eye-based quantification of immunoassay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can modulate gel-sol transformation to increase the permeability of Cu2+-cross-linked alginate hydrogel film in the AHCS, followed by solution exchange into the capillary. Through measuring the length of the liquid phase of the microfluidics in the capillary at a given time, the concentration of the ALP could be quantified with the naked eye. Since ALP is widely applied as a signal reporter for immunoassays, the AHCS could easily accommodate conventional immune sensing platforms. We justify the practicality of AHCS with hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum samples and got comparable results with commercialized immunoassay. This AHCS is easy to make and use, effective in cost, and robust in quantification with the naked eye, showing great promise for next generation point-of-care testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20174831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T08:05:18Z","timestamp":1598515518000},"page":"4831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Alginate Hydrogel-Embedded Capillary Sensor for Quantitative Immunoassay with Naked Eye"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wenshu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongbing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, R., Zhang, K., Zhu, G., Sun, Z., He, S., and Chen, W. (2018). Blocking-Free ELISA using a gold nanoparticle layer coated commercial microwell plate. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103537"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4140","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b00501","article-title":"Recyclable Colorimetric Detection of Trivalent Cations in Aqueous Media Using Zwitterionic Gold Nanoparticles","volume":"88","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. 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