{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T14:35:37Z","timestamp":1776695737676,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11733005, 11727805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11733005, 11727805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Equipment Development Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["YA18K019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YA18K019"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory Innovation Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["YJ20K002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ20K002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based method, namely phase diversity convolutional neural network (PD-CNN) for the speed acceleration of phase-diversity wavefront sensing. The PD-CNN has achieved a state-of-the-art result, with the inference speed about 0.5 ms, while fusing the information of the focal and defocused intensity images. When compared to the traditional phase diversity (PD) algorithms, the PD-CNN is a light-weight model without complicated iterative transformation and optimization process. Experiments have been done to demonstrate the accuracy and speed of the proposed approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20174877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T09:17:08Z","timestamp":1598606228000},"page":"4877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Sub-Millisecond Phase Retrieval for Phase-Diversity Wavefront Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9168-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changhui","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"},{"name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/833\/2\/210","article-title":"Instrument description and performance evaluation of a high-order adaptive optics system for the 1 m new vacuum solar telescope at Fuxian solar observatory","volume":"833","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Astrophys. 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