{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T18:27:29Z","timestamp":1776191249401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin province science and technology development projects","award":["20180201011GX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180201011GX"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>ZnO and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and CQDs were doped into ZnO by a grinding method to fabricate a ZnO\/CQDs composite. The X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscope revealed that the as-prepared ZnO has a structure of wurtzite hexagonal ZnO and a morphology of a flower-like microsphere which can provide more surface areas to adsorbed gases. The ZnO\/CQDs composite has a higher gas sensitivity response to NO gas than ZnO microspheres. A gas sensitivity test of the ZnO\/CQDs composite showed that the sensor had a high NO response (238 for 100 ppm NO) and NO selectivity. The detection limit of the ZnO\/CQDs composite to NO was 100 ppb and the response and recovery times were 34 and 36 s, respectively. The active functional group provided by CQDs has a significant effect on NO gas sensitivity, and the gas sensitivity mechanism of the ZnO\/CQDs composite is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20174961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T09:29:28Z","timestamp":1599038968000},"page":"4961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Fabrication of ZnO\/Carbon Quantum Dots Composite Sensor for Detecting NO Gas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2464-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130118, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01185.2004","article-title":"Differential mechanisms underlying the modulation ofdelayed-rectifier K+ channel in mouse neocortical neurons by nitric oxid","volume":"4","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Marikutsa, A., Rumyantseva, M., Konstantinova, E., Khmelevsky, N., and Gaskov, A. (2019). Quasi Similar Routes of NO2 and NO Sensing by Nanocrystalline WO3: Evidence by In Situ DRIFT Spectroscopy. Sensors, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153405"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.3040-3052.2002","article-title":"Differential regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases by pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria","volume":"6","author":"Roach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2004.06.039","article-title":"Neurogranin expression in stably transfected N2A cell line affects cytosolic calcium level by nitric oxide stimulation","volume":"1\u20132","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.06.001","article-title":"The physiology and pathophysiology of nitric oxide in the brain","volume":"2","author":"Guix","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800405286131","article-title":"Markers of lung disease in exhaled breath: Nitric oxide","volume":"4","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Res. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00048506","article-title":"Utility of exhaled nitric oxide as a noninvasive biomarker of lung inflammation in a disease model","volume":"6","author":"Birrell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(00)00381-6","article-title":"Grain size control and gas sensing properties of ZnO gas sensor","volume":"1\u20133","author":"Xu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.128208","article-title":"UV assisted ppb-level acetone detection based on hollow ZnO\/MoS2 nanosheets core\/shell heterostructures at low temperature","volume":"317","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.01.023","article-title":"New perspectives of gas sensor technology","volume":"138","author":"Yamazoe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2020.107630","article-title":"A density functional study on the formaldehyde recognition by Al-doped ZnO nanosheet","volume":"99","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Graph. Model."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2020.105172","article-title":"Effect of Ag on the ZnO nanoparticles properties as an ethanol vapor sensor","volume":"117","author":"Yousefi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6915","DOI":"10.1039\/D0DT01004A","article-title":"A review: Recent advances in preparations and applications of heteroatom-doped carbon quantum dots","volume":"21","author":"Kou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6187","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201700757","article-title":"Piezochromic Carbon Dots with Two-photon Fluorescence","volume":"56","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2019.01.014","article-title":"Highly luminescence manganese doped carbon dots","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8288","DOI":"10.1039\/C9DT01186B","article-title":"A novel sulfur quantum dot for the detection of cobalt ions and norfloxacin as a fluorescent \u201cswitch\u201d","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5563","DOI":"10.1021\/cm901593y","article-title":"Simple Aqueous Solution Route to Luminescent Carbogenic Dots from Carbohydrates","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2011.12.077","article-title":"Solvothermal synthesis of green-fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and their application","volume":"132","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.05.096","article-title":"Direct growth of NiO films on Al2O3 ceramics by electrochemical deposition and its excellent H2S sensing properties","volume":"296","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38444","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA06690B","article-title":"Porous Au\/ZnO nanoparticles synthesised through a metal organic framework (MOF) route for enhanced acetone gas-sensing","volume":"7","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Zhou, B., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Liu, Y., and He, Y. (2020). Valorization of Expired Passion Fruit Shell by Hydrothermal Conversion into Carbon Quantum Dot: Physical and Optical Properties. Waste Biomass Valorization.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-020-01132-z"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030063a","article-title":"Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes","volume":"105","author":"Burda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.04.007","article-title":"Acetone sensing of ZnO nanosheets synthesized using room-temperature precipitation","volume":"249","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.10.021","article-title":"Facile synthesis and ultrahigh ethanol response of hierarchically porous ZnO nanosheets","volume":"161","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z., Gao, J., Xu, L., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Suo, H., and Zhao, C. (2020). Fabrication of Lettuce-Like ZnO Gas Sensor with Enhanced H2S Gas Sensitivity. Crystals, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst10030145"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115371","article-title":"Preparation of composite alginate-based electrospun membranes loaded with ZnO nanoparticles","volume":"227","author":"Dodero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.11.069","article-title":"Enhanced sensing performance of relative humidity sensors using laterally grown ZnO nanosheets","volume":"193","author":"Tsai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2008.04.011","article-title":"Electrical response of Sm2O3-doped SnO2 to C2H2 and effect of humidity interference","volume":"1","author":"Qi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.07.074","article-title":"Nanoscale metal oxide-based heterojunctions for gas sensing: A review","volume":"204","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265502","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/21\/26\/265502","article-title":"Nanorod based schottky contact gas sensors in reversed bias condition","volume":"2126","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.10.038","article-title":"Selective hydrogen gas nanosensor using individual ZnO nanowire with fast response at room temperature","volume":"17","author":"Lupan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6028(79)90411-4","article-title":"Interactions of Tin Oxide Surface With O2, H2O and H2","volume":"86","author":"Yamazoe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1116\/1.570389","article-title":"Oxygen chemisorption on tin oxide: Correlation between electrical conductivity and EPR measurements","volume":"144","author":"Chang","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Vac. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-018-2953-9","article-title":"Surface modification and chemical functionalization of carbon dots: A review","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mikrochim Acta"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3984","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc30188a","article-title":"Synthesis of high-quality carbon nanodots from hydrophilic compounds: Role of functional groups","volume":"33","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Commun. (Camb.)"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00066a001","article-title":"Reactions of Nitric Oxide with Phenolic Antioxidants and Phenoxyl Radicals","volume":"58","author":"Janzen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4500","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900085j","article-title":"Organic Radical Reactions Associated with Nitrogen Monoxide","volume":"109","author":"Hartung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/17\/4961\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:05:49Z","timestamp":1760177149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/20\/17\/4961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s20174961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20174961","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]}}}