{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T07:57:53Z","timestamp":1772092673701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]],"date-time":"2020-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In persons with Parkinson\u2019s disease (pwPD) any additional somatosensory or distractor interference can influence the posture. When deprivation of vision and dual-task are associated, the effect on biomechanical performance is less consistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the visual deprivation and a cognitive task on the static balance in earlier stage PD subjects. Methods: Fifteen off-medication state pwPD (9 women and 6 men), 67.7 \u00b1 7.3 years old, diagnosed PD since 5.4 \u00b1 3.4 years, only Hoehn and Yahr state 2 and fifteen young control adults (7 women and 8 men) aged 24.9 \u00b1 4.9 years, performed semi-tandem task under four randomized experimental conditions: eyes opened single-task, eyes closed single-task, eyes opened dual-task and eyes closed dual-task. The center of pressure (COP) was measured using a force plate and electromyography signals (EMG) of the ankle\/hip muscles were recorded. Traditional parameters, including COP pathway length, ellipse area, mediolateral\/anteroposterior root-mean-square and non-linear measurements were computed. The effect of vision privation, cognitive task, and vision X cognitive was investigated by a 2 (eyes opened\/eyes closed) \u00d7 2 (postural task alone\/with cognitive task) repeated-measures ANOVA after application of a Bonferroni pairwise correction for multiple comparisons. Significant interactions were further analyzed using post-hoc tests. Results: In pwPD, both COP pathway length (p &lt; 0.01), ellipse area (p &lt; 0.01) and mediolateral\/anteroposterior root-mean-square (p &lt; 0.01) were increased with the eyes closed, while the dual-task had no significant effect when compared to the single-task condition. Comparable results were observed in the control group for who COP pathway was longer in all conditions compared to eyes opened single-task (p &lt; 0.01) and longer in conditions with eyes closed compared to eyes opened dual-task (p &lt; 0.01). Similarly, all differences in EMG activity of pwPD were exclusively observed between eyes opened vs. eyes closed conditions, and especially for the forward leg\u2019s soleus (p &lt; 0.01) and backward tibialis anterior (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: These results in pwPD without noticeable impairment of static balance encourage the assessment of both visual occlusion and dual-task conditions when the appearance of significant alteration during the dual-task could reveal the subtle worsening onset of the balance control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]],"date-time":"2020-09-06T23:12:49Z","timestamp":1599433969000},"page":"5059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of a Concurrent Cognitive Task, with Stabilizing Visual Information and Withdrawal, on Body Sway Adaptation of Parkinsonian\u2019s Patients in an Off-Medication State: A Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3093-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Delafontaine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIAMS, University Paris-Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France"},{"name":"CIAMS, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 45067 Orl\u00e9ans, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4813-3868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clint","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Marolleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIAMS, University Paris-Sud, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France"},{"name":"CIAMS, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, 45067 Orl\u00e9ans, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Kratzenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAU Motion Lab, Kiel University, Olshausenstra\u00dfe 74, 24098 Kiel, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, Kiel University, Olshausenstra\u00dfe 74, 24098 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2368-8448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Gouelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProtoKinetics, Havertown, PA 19083, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory Performance, Sant\u00e9, M\u00e9trologie, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (PSMS), UFR STAPS, 51100 Reims, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-012-1050-z","article-title":"Progression of motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Xia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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