{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:15:16Z","timestamp":1784304916413,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The vehicular Internet of Things (IoT) comprises enabling technologies for a large number of important applications including collaborative autonomous driving and advanced transportation systems. Due to the mobility of vehicles, strict application requirements, and limited communication resources, the conventional centralized control fails to provide sufficient quality of service for connected vehicles, so a decentralized approach is required in the vicinity to satisfy the requirements of delay-sensitive and mission-critical applications. A decentralized system is also more resistant to the single point of failure problem and malicious attacks. Blockchain technology has been attracting great interest due to its capability of achieving a decentralized, transparent, and tamper-resistant system. There are many studies focusing on the use of blockchain in managing data and transactions in vehicular environments. However, the application of blockchain in vehicular environments also faces some technical challenges. In this paper, we first explain the fundamentals of blockchain and vehicular IoT. Then, we conduct a literature review on the existing research efforts of the blockchain for vehicular IoT by discussing the research problems and technical issues. After that, we point out some future research issues considering the characteristics of both blockchain and vehicular IoT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T09:18:16Z","timestamp":1599470296000},"page":"5079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Blockchain for Vehicular Internet of Things: Recent Advances and Open Issues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chunrong","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics Library, Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics, Hohhot 010051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celimuge","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 1828585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7701-9055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liming","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 1828585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiefang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Media Technology, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kok-Lim","family":"Alvin Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4364-8491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusheng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Architecture Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo 1018430, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gubbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Gener. 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