{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:09:16Z","timestamp":1777698556502,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea, Republic of Korea","award":["NRF 2018M3A9F1023690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF 2018M3A9F1023690"]}]},{"name":"GRRC program of Gyeonggi province","award":["GRRC-Gachon2020(B01), AI-based Medical Image Analysis"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRRC-Gachon2020(B01), AI-based Medical Image Analysis"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Label-free and real-time monitoring of the bacterial viability is essential for the accurate and sensitive characterization of the antibiotic effects. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of the interdigitated and wave-shaped electrode (IWE) for monitoring the effect of tetracycline or kanamycin on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA). The electrical impedance spectra of the IWE immersed in the culture media for bacterial growth were characterized in a frequency range of 10 Hz to 1 kHz. The capacitance index (CI) (capacitance change relevant with the bacterial viability) was used to monitor the antibiotic effects on the S. aureus and MRSA in comparison to the traditional methods (disk diffusion test and optical density (OD) measurement). The experimental results showed that the percentage of change in CI (PCI) for the antibiotic effect on MRSA was increased by 51.58% and 57.83% in kanamycin and control, respectively. In contrast, the PCI value decreased by 0.25% for tetracycline, decreased by 52.63% and 37.66% in the cases of tetracycline and kanamycin-treated S. aureus, and increased 2.79% in the control, respectively. This study demonstrated the feasibility of the IWE-based capacitance sensor for the label-free and real-time monitoring of the antibiotic effects on S. aureus and MRSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T20:51:12Z","timestamp":1600116672000},"page":"5237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interdigitated and Wave-Shaped Electrode-Based Capacitance Sensor for Monitoring Antibiotic Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6806-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinsoo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youjin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3839-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungbo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Emergence of drug resistance in microbes, its dissemination and target modification of antibiotics: A life threatening problem to human society","volume":"2","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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