{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T17:46:43Z","timestamp":1772300803969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51708316, 51778312 and 51809146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51708316, 51778312 and 51809146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The small deformation of the model pile in a pile jacking test makes its accurate measurement very difficult. Based on the installation method of clamping at both ends, a sensitized miniature fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor was developed to measure the pile strain of small-size model piles. This study investigated the working principle of the sensitized miniature FBG sensor and analyzed the strain transfer characteristics of the sensor by calibration test. The lateral resistance and the earth plug resistance of the model pile were measured accurately by the grooves embedded in the outer tube of the double-wall opening model pile and the sensors directly pasted on the surface of the inner tube. The results of this study show that the sensitized miniature FBG strain sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong interference resistance, and high test accuracy. The FBG strain sensor was completely fixed on the pile by clamping supports at both ends, and the strain measured using the FBG strain sensor was found to be consistent with the pile deformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T09:04:53Z","timestamp":1600074293000},"page":"5239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Pile Jacking Monitoring in Clay Soil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China"},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Education School Blue Economic Zone Engineering Construction and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China"},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Education School Blue Economic Zone Engineering Construction and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China"},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Education School Blue Economic Zone Engineering Construction and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China"},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Education School Blue Economic Zone Engineering Construction and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/10641199309379929","article-title":"Behavior of soil plugs in open-ended model piles driven into sands","volume":"11","author":"Paik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mar. 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