{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T05:54:02Z","timestamp":1775886842719,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface electromyography (sEMG) can be helpful for evaluating swallowing related muscle activity. Conventional recordings with disc electrodes suffer from significant crosstalk from adjacent muscles and electrode-to-muscle fiber orientation problems, while concentric ring electrodes (CREs) offer enhanced spatial selectivity and axial isotropy. The aim of this work was to evaluate CRE performance in sEMG recordings of the swallowing muscles. Bipolar recordings were taken from 21 healthy young volunteers when swallowing saliva, water and yogurt, first with a conventional disc and then with a CRE. The signals were characterized by the root-mean-square amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio, myopulse, zero-crossings, median frequency, bandwidth and bilateral muscle cross-correlations. The results showed that CREs have advantages in the sEMG analysis of swallowing muscles, including enhanced spatial selectivity and the associated reduction in crosstalk, the ability to pick up a wider range of EMG frequency components and easier electrode placement thanks to its radial symmetry. However, technical changes are recommended in the future to ensure that the lower CRE signal amplitude does not significantly affect its quality. CREs show great potential for improving the clinical monitoring and evaluation of swallowing muscle activity. Future work on pathological subjects will assess the possible advantages of CREs in dysphagia monitoring and diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T10:24:09Z","timestamp":1600165449000},"page":"5267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of Swallowing Related Muscle Activity by Means of Concentric Ring Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1410-2721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Garcia-Casado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9362-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gema","family":"Prats-Boluda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Yiyao","family":"Ye-Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en Bioingenier\u00eda, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Restrepo-Agudelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Metropolitano, Medell\u00edn 050012, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3724-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Perez-Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Metropolitano, Medell\u00edn 050012, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Orozco-Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Metropolitano, Medell\u00edn 050012, Colombia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/dox131","article-title":"Economic and survival burden of dysphagia among inpatients in the United States","volume":"31","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis. 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