{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:16:11Z","timestamp":1760238971163,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51874238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51874238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University","award":["CX202038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX202038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A security-enhanced, spectral-efficient, and power-efficient multi-beam wireless communication scheme based on random frequency diverse array (RFDA) is proposed in this paper. (AN)-aided directional modulation (DM) schemes. Furthermore, with the aid of spatial modulation (SM) technology and cooperative legitimate users (LUs), we can transmit more information bits by the use of LU number informations than the single modulation symbols. Unlike conventional zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming for multi-beam DM, we design a FDA beamforming vector for each LU based on the minimum transmit power method. Numerical simulations show that (1) the proposed scheme is power-efficient compared to the conventional schemes, (2) the proposed scheme can transmit more information bits than the conventional schemes, and (3) the proposed scheme can ensure communication security when eavesdroppers (Eves) are proximal to LUs or even in same locations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T10:30:12Z","timestamp":1600252212000},"page":"5289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Spatial Modulation and MP-WFRFT-Aided Multi-Beam Wireless Communication Scheme Based On Random Frequency Diverse Array"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jianbang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xi\u2019an Shiyou University, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Physical Layer Security in Space Information Networks: A Survey","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2016.2558521","article-title":"A survey on wireless security: Technical challenges, recent advances, and future trends","volume":"104","author":"Zou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. 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