{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T10:05:29Z","timestamp":1766829929447,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Key Research and Development Project in Shaanxi Province, China","award":["2020GY-118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020GY-118"]}]},{"name":"The Serving Local Special Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education, China.","award":["19JC040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19JC040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The optical system is one of the core components for star sensors, whose imaging quality directly influences the performance of star sensors for star detection, thereby determining the attitude control accuracy of spacecrafts. Here, we report a new type of optical system with a catadioptric structure and a large entrance pupil diameter for a 15-magnitude star sensor. It consists of an improved Cassegrain system (R-C system), an aperture correction spherical lens group and a field of view correction spherical lens group. By embedding the secondary mirror of the R-C system into the output surface of the negative spherical lens of the aperture correction spherical lens group, the blocking of incident light is eliminated from the secondary mirror holder. After the structure optimization, the catadioptric optical system (COS) had a spectral range of 450 nm\u2013950 nm, an entrance pupil diameter of 250 mm, a half-diagonal field of view of 1.4\u00b0 and a focal length of 390 mm. By using theoretical calculations and experimental measurements, it was verified that the COS, with the ability to correct astigmatism, lateral color and distortion, can fulfill the detection of 15-magnitude dark stars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20195501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T08:57:32Z","timestamp":1601024252000},"page":"5501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Catadioptric Optical System Design of 15-Magnitude Star Sensor with Large Entrance Pupil Diameter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5494-6155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, National Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials (Culture Base), Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8424-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, National Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials (Culture Base), Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Space Optical Technology Research Department, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2242-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongwei","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, National Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials (Culture Base), Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1029-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, National Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials (Culture Base), Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3043-5094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangzhi","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Optical Technology Research Department, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1000-9361(11)60369-5","article-title":"Image smearing modeling and verification for strapdown star sensor","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. 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