{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:36:49Z","timestamp":1777289809589,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the mature technology of wireless communications, the function of estimating the mobile station (MS) position has become essential. Suppressing the bias resulting from non-line-of-sight (NLSO) scenarios is the main issue for a wireless location network. The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, based on the depiction of bee swarm\u2019s foraging characteristics, is widely applied to solve optimization problems in several fields. Based on three measurements of time-of-arrival (TOA), an objective function is used to quantify the additional NLOS error on the MS positioning scheme. The ABC algorithm is adopted to locate the most precise MS location by minimizing the objective function value. The performance of the proposed positioning methods is verified under various error distributions through computer simulations. Meanwhile, the localization accuracy achieved by other existing methods is also investigated. According to the simulation results, accurate estimation of the MS position is derived and therefore the efficiency of the localization process is increased.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20195597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T20:56:22Z","timestamp":1601412982000},"page":"5597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MS Location Estimation Based on the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chien-Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Management, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen-Fa","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 710, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 710, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510970, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/35.667410","article-title":"An overview of the challenges and progress in meeting the E-911 requirement for location service","volume":"36","author":"Reed","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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